The Comparative Politics of Trade Policy

贸易政策的比较政治学

• 批准号: 0451712
• 负责人: Gene Grossman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0451712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Politics; Trade; Policy

Patterns of import protection and export promotion vary widely across countries. So domethods of industry support. Part of this variation reflects differences in economic structure andin the political organization and activities of industry interest groups. But political institutionsmatter as well. Whereas much recent research has focused on the relationships between voters,interest groups, and politicians that help determine trade policy in a particular political setting,much less is known about the role that political institutions play in the formation of trade policy.In this project, the principal investigators will examine how variation in political institutionstranslates into predictable and testable differences in the structure and form of trade protectionand industry support.Comparative politics is, of course, one of the core fields in political science, where it has a longand venerable tradition. But, whereas political scientists often focus on the implications ofdifferent political institutions for political outcomes . such as the number of political parties thatare active in a country, the stability of the government, and the representation of minority groups. the principal investigators will address the effects on economic policy outcomes. By studyingthe comparative politics of trade policies, they will contribute importantly to the analysis ofpolitical regimes. The existing formal models of presidential and parliamentary democracies arequite rudimentary and do not allow for political parties and interest groups as distinct participantsin the political process. The principal investigators will develop extensions of the formal theorythat will add significantly to its realism and domain.The principal investigators are well known for their earlier research on the political economy oftrade policy. That work, published in numerous articles and two books, focuses on the role thatspecial interest groups play in the policy process. Whereas the earlier research assumed aparticular, stylized political regime with a given set of institutions, the principal investigators nowintend to re-focus their analysis on a comparison of outcomes in different political settings.This project will contribute to our understanding of trade policy formation and of theimportance of political institutions. The principal investigators will investigate how trade policiesdepend on the strength of party discipline, how outcomes differ in presidential versusparliamentary political systems, how trade policies are affected by electoral rules and by theorganization of the trade bureaucracy. Moreover, they will examine how the institutional settingaffects the incentives facing industry lobby groups and will ask which institutional arrangementsare best able to generate policies that serve the general interest of the polity. Thus, the projectwill help identify characteristics of the institutional setting and trade bureaucracy that cancontribute to the formation of better trade policies.The project also will develop new conceptual tools that will help other researchers study thedemocratic policy process for a wider range of economic policies. The results will bedisseminated widely to the research communities in the social sciences via journal publicationand participation in national and international conferences. The authors plan to integrate graduatestudents into the project; they will help to assemble data, check the analytical results, and preparecomputer simulation models. In this way, the project will promote the education of the nextgeneration of researchers in economics and political science.

各国的进口保护和出口促进模式差异很大。所以采取多种行业支持的方法。这种差异部分反映了经济结构、政治组织和行业利益集团活动的差异。但政治制度也很重要。尽管最近的许多研究都集中在选民、利益集团和政治家之间的关系上，这些关系有助于在特定的政治背景下确定贸易政策，但人们对政治制度在贸易政策形成中所发挥的作用知之甚少。在这个项目中，主要研究人员将研究政治制度的变化如何转化为贸易保护和产业支持的结构和形式的可预测和可测试的差异。当然，比较政治学是政治学的核心领域之一，其中 它有着悠久而令人尊敬的传统。但是，政治学家常常关注不同政治制度对政治结果的影响。例如一个国家活跃政党的数量、政府的稳定性以及少数群体的代表性。主要研究人员将探讨对经济政策结果的影响。通过研究贸易政策的比较政治学，它们将对政治制度的分析做出重要贡献。总统和议会民主的现有正式模式还相当初级，不允许政党和利益集团作为政治进程的独特参与者。主要研究人员将发展正式理论的扩展，这将显着增加其现实性和领域。主要研究人员因其早期对贸易政策的政治经济学的研究而闻名。这项工作发表了许多文章和两本书，重点关注特殊利益集团在政策过程中发挥的作用。尽管早期的研究假设了特定的、程式化的政治体制和一套给定的制度，但主要研究人员现在打算将他们的分析重新集中在不同政治环境下结果的比较上。这个项目将有助于我们理解贸易政策的形成和政治制度的重要性。主要调查人员将调查贸易政策如何取决于政党纪律的强度、总统政治制度与议会政治制度的结果有何不同、贸易政策如何受到选举规则和贸易官僚机构的影响。此外，他们将研究制度设置如何影响行业游说团体面临的激励，并询问哪种制度安排最能产生服务于政体整体利益的政策。因此，该项目将有助于确定有助于形成更好贸易政策的制度设置和贸易官僚机构的特征。该项目还将开发新的概念工具，帮助其他研究人员研究更广泛经济政策的民主政策过程。研究结果将通过期刊出版和参加国内和国际会议向社会科学研究界广泛传播。作者计划将研究生纳入该项目；他们将帮助收集数据、检查分析结果并准备计算机模拟模型。通过这种方式，该项目将促进下一代经济学和政治学研究人员的教育。