Adaptive Plasticity of Fish Locomotory Muscle

鱼类运动肌的适应性可塑性

• 批准号: 8812180
• 负责人: George Somero
• 金额: $ 40.28万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-15 至 1992-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8812180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Adaptive; Plasticity; Fish; Locomotory; Muscle

The locomotory muscles of fishes have an extraordinary ability to alter their biochemical, physiological, and performance characteristics in response to ontogenetic, physiological, and environmental influences. Dr. Somero and his colleagues will experimentally modify the biochemical properties of white- and red muscles to establish clearer links between biochemical status and locomotory capacity. They will vary muscle biochemical state through altered dietary regimen and, then, quantitate enzymatic activities and swimming performance. They will determine how variations in transcriptional and translational activity and in protein turnover establish final concentrations of ATP generating enzymes. They will swim fishes at different intensities and measure how the intracellular localization--the compartmentalization-- of enzymes varies. Measurements of pH and of effectors that influence enzyme compartmentalization will be made concomitantly. Body size influences the levels of ATP generating enzymes in muscle and the regulatory mechanisms and will be evaluated. The regulatory mechanisms responsible for these size-dependent ("scaling") changes will be studied using techniques to quantify RNA concentrations and to measure protein synthesis and protein degradation. Deep-sea fish will be maintained in the laboratory to determine the extent to which the greatly reduced metabolic rates and swimming capabilites of these fishes are due to intrinsic, genetically-based factors, on the one hand, and dietary factors, on the other. They will attempt to bring the muscle biochemical robustness (e.g., enzyme levels and RNA concentrations) to the highest possible levels in these deep-living forms to establish their ultimate potential for activity and growth. The goal is an understanding of the biochemical and physiological basis for variations in locomotor capacity in fish.

鱼类的运动肌肉有一种非凡的能力 它们的生化、生理和性能特征， 对个体发育、生理和环境影响的反应。 索梅罗博士和他的同事们将通过实验修改 白色和红色肌肉的生化特性，以建立更清晰的 生化状态和运动能力之间的联系。 他们将 通过改变饮食方案改变肌肉生化状态， 然后定量测定酶活性和游泳成绩。 他们 将决定转录和翻译的变异 活性和蛋白质周转确定ATP的最终浓度 产生酶。 它们会以不同的强度游鱼， 测量细胞内的定位--区域化-- 酶的种类不同。 测量pH值和影响的效应物 将同时进行酶区室化。 车身尺寸 影响肌肉中ATP生成酶的水平， 监管机制，并将进行评估。 监管机制 负责这些大小相关（“缩放”）的变化将是 研究使用技术来量化RNA浓度， 蛋白质合成和蛋白质降解。 深海鱼类将成为 在实验室中保存，以确定 大大降低了代谢率和游泳能力， 鱼类是由于内在的，遗传因素，一方面， 另一方面，饮食因素。 他们会试图 肌肉生化鲁棒性（例如，酶水平和RNA 浓度）的最高水平，在这些深生活 形式，以建立他们的活动和增长的最终潜力。 目标是了解生物化学和生理学基础 鱼类运动能力的变化。