Fine-scale Adaptation to Temperature: A Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Analysis Using Congeneric Species

同种海洋鱼类和无脊椎动物， 纬度或深度分布模式，即，不同 绝对温度和热范围，将进行研究， （1）确定：（1）精细尺度适应的重要性， 温度对动力学性质和结构稳定性的影响 （2）氨基酸序列的变化，这些 动力学和稳定性特征的适应性差异;（3） 多基因座和等位基因酶变体在 在进化和季节性时间内对温度的适应 （4）进化适应和季节性的影响 习服对线粒体呼吸和膜流动性的影响; 和（5）蛋白质异构体的适应性变化的动力学， 线粒体呼吸和流动性。这些研究旨在 来填补我们对热的理解的重要空白 动物的生物学，特别是精细尺度所扮演的角色 在建立生物分布中对温度的适应 蛋白质一级结构的精确变化， 建立酶（M4 -乳酸脱氢酶）适应性差异 和胞质苹果酸脱氢酶）， 在有利于选择新蛋白质所需温度下 变异或线粒体特性，以及 发生驯化。广温型和窄温型的比较 同源物将揭示潜在的生化和分子 有助于建立物种耐热性的差异 范围.对温度的精细尺度适应性的研究将提供 更坚实的基础来预测全球变暖的影响， 经济动物的分布和功能。

Congeneric marine fishes and invertebrates with different latitudinal or depth distribution patterns, i.e., different absolute temperatures and thermal ranges, will be studied to determine: (1) the importance of fine-scale adaptations to temperature in kinetic properties and structural stabilities of enzymes; (2) the amino acid sequence changes that underlie these adaptive differences in kinetic and stability characteristics; (3) the roles played by multi-locus and allelic enzyme variants in adaptation to temperature over evolutionary and seasonal time course; (4) the effects of evolutionary adaptation and seasonal acclimatization on mitochondrial respiration and membrane fluidity; and (5) the kinetics of acclimatory change in protein isoforms and mitochondrial respiration and fluidity. These studies are designed to fill in important gaps in our understanding of the thermal biology of animals, specifically the role played by fine-scale adaptation to temperature in establishing organismal distribution patterns, the precise changes in protein primary structure that establish adaptive differences in enzymes(M4 - lactate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase), the minimal amounts of change in temperature required to favor selection for new protein variants or mitochondrial properties, and the rate with which acclimation occurs. Comparisons of eurythermal and stenothermal congeners will reveal underlying biochemical and molecular differences that help to establish species' thermal tolerance ranges. Study of fine-scale adaptations to temperature will provide a firmer basis for predicting the effects of global warming on the distributions and functions of economics animals.