Analyzing Job Opportunities

分析工作机会

• 批准号: 8822756
• 负责人: Orlando Patterson
• 金额: $ 6.5万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-07-15 至 1991-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8822756&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analyzing; Job; Opportunities

Job opportunities have long been recognized as playing a crucial role in a wide range of important academic and policy issues. However, it is not clear what impact the continuing shift from a manufacturing to a service economy has had on the number and type of job opportunities that the economy has generated in recent years, and on the changing ability of various segments of the population to successfully compete for these opportunities. Has the declining need for low- skilled labor generated the growth of an underclass? What are the blue-collar opportunities for middle income jobs? How have shifts in the economy affected the efforts by women and minorities to reduce the occupation and wage differentials they experience? This research examines the implications of changes in the nation's occupations and industries by examining the job opportunities that arose as a consequence of these changes. The project will obtain estimates of the number of job opportunities that arose in each year from 1968 to 1984, and will examine how trends in job opportunities over these years have contributed to the changing occupational status of important sub-populations (including women, minorities, and workers in traditionally blue-collar manufacturing jobs). The study will draw on data from the Current Population Survey to estimate the total number of opportunities generated during each year, and will distinguish these job opportunities by industry and occupation. This will permit a description of trends in job opportunities by occupation from 1968 to 1984, with particular attention to questions of how job opportunities are changing. The principal investigator will also develop new statistical models of the influence of economic opportunities on the likelihood that workers will move from one job strata to another. The project in its entirety should considerably advance our knowledge of the job opportunities created in the past two decades and of ways in which changing opportunities have affected the labor market experiences of important segments of the population. It should also improve our understanding of the career trajectories of workers with various skills and characteristics who are confronted with a changing labor market.

长期以来，就业机会一直被认为在广泛的重要学术和政策问题中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，目前尚不清楚从制造业经济向服务业经济的持续转变对近年来经济产生的就业机会的数量和类型产生了什么影响，以及对不同阶层人口成功竞争这些机会的不断变化的能力产生了什么影响。对低技能劳动力需求的下降是否导致了下层阶级的增长？中等收入的蓝领工作机会有哪些？经济的变化如何影响妇女和少数民族为减少她们所经历的职业和工资差异所做的努力？本研究通过考察由于这些变化而产生的就业机会，考察了国家职业和行业变化的影响。该项目将获得1968年至1984年每年出现的就业机会数量的估计，并将研究这些年来就业机会的趋势如何促成重要亚人口（包括妇女、少数民族和传统蓝领制造业工作的工人）职业地位的变化。这项研究将利用当前人口调查的数据来估计每年产生的机会总数，并将按行业和职业区分这些工作机会。这样就可以按职业说明1968年至1984年工作机会的趋势，并特别注意工作机会如何变化的问题。首席研究员还将开发经济机会对工人从一个工作阶层转到另一个工作阶层的可能性的影响的新统计模型。整个项目应该大大提高我们对过去二十年中创造的就业机会的认识，以及对不断变化的机会如何影响人口中重要部分的劳动力市场经验的认识。它还应该提高我们对面临不断变化的劳动力市场的各种技能和特征的工人的职业轨迹的理解。