Comparative Gastrointestinal and Renal Transport Physiology of Crustaceans

甲壳类动物胃肠道和肾脏运输生理学的比较

• 批准号: 8903615
• 负责人: Gregory Ahearn
• 金额: $ 26.1万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-10-15 至 1992-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8903615&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Gastrointestinal; Renal; Transport; Physiology

This 3-year research program is a continuation of a previous study dealing with the elucidation of the absorptive and secretory functions of the crustacean gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Many crustacean species are undergoing extensive aquaculture throughout the world. One of the major problems with the successful rearing of these animals from egg to market is providing a cost-effective diet that leads to rapid growth. Prior to the initiation of this research program, little was known about the absorptive functions of the crustacean gut and therefore few recommendations could be made concerning the nature of an artificial diet to provide cultured animals. Previous work has used a variety of in vitro techniques to study the various organs of the gastrointestinal tract of these animals to obtain an understanding of how nutrients, minerals, and water are absorbed during normal digestive processes. The present proposal will extend earlier studies by characterizing nutrient transport mechanisms in the major absorptive organ of these animals, the hepatopancreas. Biochemical isolation techniques will be employed to purify gut transporting membranes that bring about the uptake of dietary components to study the characteristics of these uptake processes for comparison with more thoroughly investigated systems in mammals. In addition, cultured cell preparations of the absorbing organs will be used to quantify rates of transcellular absorption of sugars, amino acids, and other important dietary compounds in these animals. The second goal in this research program is to study the processes of nutrient reabsorption by the crustacean kidneys to establish their roles in metabolite conservation. In mammals nutrients in the blood are filtered and selectively reabsorbed back to the blood by the kidneys and in this way potential toxins can be excreted and important nutrients conserved. Whether the same processes occur in the invertebrates as well as defining the characteristics of reabsorptive processes will be examined. Similar membrane isolation and purification techniques and cell culture studies will be employed with kidney cells as will be associated with the gut organs discussed above. This 3-year study will provide a better understanding of how the gut and kidneys of an economically important group of invertebrates contribute to organismic growth. Important basic scientific information about cell physiology will be forthcoming from these studies, as well as potential useful applied results that may aid in the successful rearing of these animals under controlled conditions.

这项为期3年的研究计划是以前研究的延续 处理吸收和分泌功能的阐明 甲壳类动物胃肠道和肾脏。 许多甲壳类动物 这些物种在全世界范围内正在进行广泛的水产养殖。 一 成功饲养这些动物的主要问题 鸡蛋上市提供了一种具有成本效益的饮食， 增长 在这项研究计划开始之前， 了解甲壳类动物肠道的吸收功能，因此 几乎没有什么建议可以作出关于性质的人为 提供养殖动物的饮食。 以前的工作已经使用了各种各样的 体外技术研究胃肠的各种器官 了解这些动物的营养成分， 矿物质和水在正常的消化过程中被吸收。 的 目前的建议将扩展早期的研究， 这些动物的主要吸收器官中的转运机制， 肝胰腺 将采用生化分离技术， 净化肠道转运膜， 成分，研究这些吸收过程的特点， 与更深入研究的哺乳动物系统进行比较。 在 此外，还将培养吸收器官的细胞制剂， 用于量化糖、氨基、 酸和其他重要的饮食化合物。 本研究计划的第二个目标是研究 甲壳类动物肾脏的营养重吸收，以确定其作用 在代谢物保存方面。 哺乳动物血液中的营养物质 过滤并被肾脏选择性地重吸收回血液， 通过这种方式，潜在的毒素可以被排出， 保守的 无脊椎动物是否也有同样的过程， 以及定义再吸收过程的特征， 考察 类似的膜分离和纯化技术， 将使用肾细胞进行细胞培养研究， 与上面讨论的肠道器官相关。 这项为期3年的研究将更好地了解肠道和 一种重要的无脊椎动物的肾脏 到器官生长。 关于细胞的重要基础科学信息 生理学将从这些研究中获得， 有用的应用结果，可能有助于成功饲养这些 动物在受控条件下