Cosmic Rays and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field

中子监测器记录的宇宙射线观测的长而不间断的时间序列是研究宇宙射线、太阳和行星际介质的长期和周期性变化的宝贵资源。这些数据，连同航天器在现场获得的日球层粒子和场的测量数据，使我们能够对带电粒子的加速和传输进行严格的观测测试，从而为改进对太阳地球研究这一基本过程的理论描述指明了道路。此外，宇宙射线通常可以被视为测试粒子，因此可以被视为对未取样区域的行星际介质的远距离探测器。通过适当的分析，粒子观测可以用来获得用其他方法很难或不可能获得的行星际磁场的信息。这笔拨款将支持一个基础广泛的计划，对宇宙射线及其与太阳磁场和太阳风的相互作用进行理论和观测研究。包括从即将到来的太阳活动极大期到1992年中期，图勒和纽瓦克中子监测器的持续运行。具体的研究任务包括：(1)耗散、动态湍流中90°俯角附近的粒子散射；(2)太阳粒子输运中的磁螺旋效应；(3)太阳高能粒子及其长期变异；(4)宇宙射线测量中揭示的行星际磁湍流的三维结构。(5)宇宙射线日各向异性与太阳磁极（“二十年波”）的关系；(6)太阳黑子周期和太阳磁周期变化对宇宙射线梯度的影响。总体目标是利用高能粒子探测地球的自然电磁环境。

The long, uninterrupted time series of cosmic ray observations recorded by neutron monitors is an invaluable resource for the study of secular and periodic variations of cosmic rays, the sun, and the interplanetary medium. These data, together with measurements of heliospheric particles and fields acquired in situ by spacecraft, allow us to perform rigorous observational tests of charged particle acceleration and transport, thus pointing the way to improved theoretical descriptions of this fundamental process of Solar Terrestrial Research. In addition, the cosmic rays can often be regarded as test particles and, as such, can be treated as remote probes of the interplanetary medium in regions that are otherwise unsampled. With appropriate analysis, particle observations can be used to derive information on the interplanetary magnetic field that would be difficult or impossible to obtain by other methods. This grant will support a broad-based program of theoretical and observational research on cosmic rays and their interaction with the magnetic fields of the sun and solar wind. Included is the continued operation of the Thule and Newark neutron monitors through the upcoming solar maximum to mid-1992. Specific study tasks include (1) particle scattering near 90o pitch angle in dissipative, dynamic turbulence, (2) magnetic helicity effects in solar particle transport, (3) solar energetic particles and their long term variability, (4) the three-dimensional structure of interplanetary magnetic turbulence, as revealed in cosmic ray measurements, (5) dependence of the cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy upon the sun's magnetic polarity (the "twenty year wave"), and (6) the sunspot cycle and solar magnetic cycle variation of the cosmic ray gradient. The overall aim is to use energetic particles to probe the earth's natural electromagnetic environment.