A Study of the Neuromuscular Control and Mechanical Linkage System

神经肌肉控制与机械联动系统的研究

• 批准号: 8908243
• 负责人: Kenneth Dial
• 金额: $ 18.94万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-08-01 至 1993-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8908243&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Study; Neuromuscular; Control; Mechanical; Linkage

Energy conservation is achieved by reducing the inertia or resistance to acceleration of the moveable parts, particularly those parts that are required to change velocity rapidly. One way to minimize inertia is the redistribution of mass of an oscillating component such that the center of mass is closer to the pivot. This may be unimportant for parts that move slowly, but is highly significant for parts that must change velocity rapidly. Perhaps the finest natural example of this structural design is that of the avian wing. Surprisingly, very few experimental investigations have focused on the internal control and biomechanics of this highly derived and evolutionarily successful locomotor system. And despite variations in flight styles it appears that selection pressures act to retain the basic design of the avian forelimb among the various species. This research project will explore specific evolutionary adaptations responsible for the success of the avian locomotor system. The interpretation of the results will be viewed with the understanding that historical tetrapod limb design imposed constraints on forelimb flight mechanics while pressures of physiological optimization drive the existing system toward maximum efficiency.

节能是通过减小可移动部件的惯性或对加速的阻力来实现的，特别是那些需要快速改变速度的部件。使惯性最小的一种方法是重新分配振动部件的质量，使质心更靠近枢轴。这对于移动较慢的零件可能不重要，但对于必须快速更改速度的零件非常重要。也许这种结构设计最好的自然例子是鸟翼。令人惊讶的是，很少有实验研究集中在这个高度衍生和进化成功的运动系统的内部控制和生物力学上。尽管飞行方式不同，但似乎选择压力在不同物种中保留了鸟类前肢的基本设计。这项研究项目将探索鸟类运动系统成功的具体进化适应。对结果的解释将被理解为历史上的四足肢体设计对前肢飞行力学施加了限制，而生理优化的压力将现有系统推向最高效率。