Study of Stratospheric Aerosols and Their Heterogeneous Effects on Ozone

平流层中的细颗粒物阻碍了 太阳辐射到地球表面的通道。 尺寸、 空气中微粒的形状和化学成分决定了 不同波长的光 通过吸收或散射过程衰减。 因此，了解这些卫星的高度分布， 平流层气溶胶的物理和化学性质 其空间和时间的变化， 在预测它们对热量的影响时， 大气的平衡，或对气候变暖或变冷的影响， 地球的表面。由于对南极的研究， 臭氧层空洞，粒子对化学的作用， 同温层也得到了更充分的重视。 一些气溶胶分布的基线水平表征了 未受干扰的平流层，但火山爆发注入 在不可预知的时间和地点， 数量相当可观 一个长期的评估- 火山或其他自然灾害的长期或阶段性影响 影响需要获得一个长的时间序列， 观察. 从七十年代到 目前，这项赠款的主要研究人员已经 保持了一系列定期的仪表气球飞行， 测量的大小分布和海拔剖面 平流层气溶胶 这个观测项目 提供了唯一可用的数据集， 在平流层进行的测量。 仪表化 在怀俄明州的拉勒米，一个已经到位的气球系统能够 来描述墨西哥的El Chichon的烟雾中的气溶胶 1982年爆发的火山。 该项目将继续这一重要记录， 平流层颗粒物的大小有所改善 粒子的分辨率。 平流层气溶胶 目前似乎处于背景水平，但在未来， 该项目将重点关注 查明与下列方面有关的臭氧消耗： 粒子上的非均相反应。 测量高 纬度（基律纳，瑞典），旨在确定粒子 极地平流层云的大小分布， 被认为是臭氧消耗的工具， 南极洲

Fine particulate matter in the stratosphere impedes the passage of solar radiation to the earth's surface. The size, shape, and chemical composition of airborne particles determine the extent to which different wavelengths of light are attenuated by processes of absorption or scattering. Therefore, knowledge of the altitude profiles of these stratospheric aerosols, of their physical and chemical characteristics, and of their spatial and temporal changes, is required in any effort to predict their effects on the heat balance of the atmosphere, or on warming or cooling effects at the earth's surface. As a result of study on the Antarctic ozone hole, the role of particles on the chemistry of the stratosphere is also being more fully appreciated. Some baseline level of aerosol distribution characterizes the undisturbed stratosphere, but volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash particles at unpredictable times and places and in quite significant amounts. An assessment of either long- term or episodic effects of volcanoes or other natural influences requires the acquisition of a long time series of observation. Through the decade of the seventies and up to the present, the principal investigators of this grant have maintained a regular series of instrumented balloon flights to measure the size distributions and altitude profiles of stratospheric aerosols. This observational program has provided the only available set of data based on instrumental measurements made in the stratosphere. The instrumented balloon system already in place at Laramie, Wyoming, was able to characterize aerosols in the plume of El Chichon, a Mexican volcano that erupted in 1982. This project will continue this important record of stratospheric particulate with improvements in the size resolution of the particles. The stratospheric aerosol presently appears to be at background levels, but in the advent of a major volcanic eruption, the project will focus on identifying any depletion in ozone associated with heterogeneous reactions on the particles. Measurements at high latitude (Kiruna, Sweden), are aimed a determining the particle size distribution of polar stratospheric clouds which are thought to be instrumental in ozone depletion as observed in Antarctica.