Dissertation Research: A Multidimensional Analysis of Geographic Variation in the Plain Titmouse (Parus inornatus)

论文研究：平原山雀（Parus inornatus）地理变异的多维分析

• 批准号: 9001120
• 负责人: Ned Johnson
• 金额: $ 0.85万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-08-01 至 1992-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9001120&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Multidimensional; Analysis; Geographic

The Plain Titmouse (Parus inornatus) varies in overall size, bill size, and color throughout its range in western North America. Ten geographic forms are currently recognized (American Ornithologists' Union, 1957, Check-list of North American Birds) on the basis of morphology and color. West of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains, the species occurs commonly in foothill oak woodland. Density is lower in the Southwest and Intermountain Regions, where populations are found patchily in pinyon-juniper or juniper habitat. The goal of this project is to integrate morphologic, molecular, and behavioral data on Parus inornatus in order to elucidate patterns and processes of divergence among populations. Differences in population structure will enable testing of alternative models of gene flow. Hypotheses concerning the role of adaptation and Pleistocene isolation also will be evaluated. A variety of modern systematic techniques will be used to examine patterns of morphologic and genetic variation within and among populations of Parus inornatus. Results to date indicate strong genetic differentiation between Pacific slope and Intermountain populations, on the order of that found between closely related species of birds. Patterns of variation in morphology (especially bill size and shape) and color support the genetic data. A quantitative estimate of gene flow will shed light on the process of genetic and morphologic divergence among populations. Because numerous bird species show similar patterns of divergence between the Pacific slope and Intermountain Regions, this study will contribute to an emerging picture of avian speciation in western North America. The results of this study will likely lead to formal taxonomic changes by the American Ornithologists' Union Committee on Classification and Nomenclature. The identification of genetically and/or morphologically distinct populations will provide critical information for managers concerned with the protection and management of pinyon-juniper or oak woodlands in the western United States. The future of oak woodlands in California is of growing concern because of increasing pressures for development in the foothills of the Cascade-Sierra, Nevada and Coast Ranges.

北美西部山雀（Parus inornatus）的整体尺寸、喙尺寸和颜色各不相同。 目前根据形态和颜色公认了十种地理形态（美国鸟类学家联盟，1957 年，北美鸟类清单）。 在喀斯喀特-内华达山脉以西，该物种常见于山麓橡树林地。 西南和山间地区的密度较低，在松柏或杜松栖息地中零散地发现了种群。 该项目的目标是整合 Parus inornatus 的形态、分子和行为数据，以阐明种群之间分化的模式和过程。 种群结构的差异将使测试基因流的替代模型成为可能。 有关适应和更新世隔离作用的假设也将得到评估。 将使用各种现代系统技术来检查 Parus inornatus 种群内部和种群之间的形态和遗传变异模式。 迄今为止的结果表明，太平洋斜坡和山间种群之间存在着强烈的遗传差异，其程度与密切相关的鸟类物种之间的差异相似。 形态（尤其是喙的大小和形状）和颜色的变化模式支持遗传数据。 基因流的定量估计将揭示种群之间遗传和形态分化的过程。 由于许多鸟类在太平洋斜坡和山间地区之间表现出相似的分化模式，这项研究将有助于绘制北美西部鸟类物种形成的新图景。 这项研究的结果可能会导致美国鸟类学家联盟分类和命名委员会进行正式的分类学改变。 遗传和/或形态上不同的种群的识别将为关心美国西部松柏或橡树林保护和管理的管理者提供关键信息。 由于喀斯喀特山脉、内华达州和海岸山脉山麓的开发压力越来越大，加利福尼亚州橡树林地的未来越来越令人担忧。