Demography and Fragmentation in an Avian Species: A Genetic Analysis

鸟类种群统计和破碎：遗传分析

• 批准号: 9021902
• 负责人: John Fitzpatrick
• 金额: $ 17.06万
• 依托单位: Archbold Expeditions, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-02-15 至 1993-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9021902&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Demography; Fragmentation; Avian; Species; Genetic

This project investigates the genetic consequences of being an extreme ecological specialist in a rare and vanishing habitat. The Florida Scrub Jay is a federally Threatened bird species, restricted to a habitat that is rapidly being eliminated by man. Twenty-two years of detailed study of a marked population have shown that these jays have an unusual social system, and rarely move more than a few territories from where they were hatched. This very limited dispersal may result in rapid development of genetic changes over short distances, especially within a habitat that is highly fragmented. A variety of sophisticated genetic techniques (DNA 'fingerprinting' and sequencing) will be used to examine genetic variation at both local and regional scales. Specific goals are to: 1) confirm that reproduction takes place only by the mated pair on each territory (i.e., extra-pair or extra-territorial fertilizations are rare or absent); 2) test whether levels of inbreeding affect lifetime reproductive performance; 3) compare the effects of distance, degree of habitat isolation, and population size on genetic variation and differentiation, and 4) test whether these genetic effects match those predicted by long-term demographic data. Besides its theoretical applications, this study will further the protection of biodiversity by showing how habitat loss and fragmentation affect the genetic makeup of ecologically specialized species.

这个项目调查了遗传的后果， 一个极端的生态专家在一个罕见的和正在消失的栖息地。 佛罗里达灌丛松鸦是一种受联邦政府威胁的鸟类， 仅限于一个正在迅速被人类消灭的栖息地。 22年来对一个显著群体的详细研究表明， 表明这些松鸦有一个不寻常的社会系统， 从他们出生的地方迁移了不止几个领土。 这种非常有限的扩散可能导致 短距离的遗传变化，特别是在栖息地内 这是高度分散的。 各种复杂的基因 技术（DNA“指纹”和测序）将用于 研究地方和区域尺度上的遗传变异。 具体目标是：1）确认生殖发生 仅通过每个区域上的配对（即，额外配对或 域外受精是罕见的或不存在）; 2）测试 近亲繁殖的水平是否影响终生生殖 3）比较距离、 栖息地隔离和种群大小对遗传变异的影响， 分化，以及4）测试这些遗传效应是否匹配 这是长期人口统计数据预测的。 除了其 理论应用，本研究将进一步保护 通过展示栖息地的丧失和破碎化 影响了生态上特殊物种的基因组成。