Symposium: "Understanding and Manipulating Plant Responses to Environmental Stress" held on September 15-16, 1991, at Tuskegee, AL.

各种环境条件，包括非生物（风、温度、水、土壤、光等）和生物（微生物、病毒、昆虫、植物和动物）都对植物产生影响。这里选择了四个环境因素进行讨论。它们包括非生物（水和温度）和生物（昆虫和植物疾病）。尽管自然防御机制不断进化，但由于环境胁迫，许多作物，特别是粮食和纤维作物，每年仍遭受严重的损失。最近，科学家们已经学会通过分子遗传学和生物技术等新发现的技术来操纵植物来克服这些条件。这次研讨会的一个重要目标是将这些领域的专家聚集在一起，与主要的传统黑人学院和大学（HBCU）的植物科学家分享他们的专业知识。

Various environmental conditions including both abiotic (wind, temperature, water, soil, light, etc.) and biotic (micro-organisms, viruses, insects, plants and animals) exert their influences on plants. Here, four environmental factors have been selected for dicussion. They include abiotic (water and temperature) and biotic (insects and plant diseases). Despite the evolution of natural defense mechanisms, many especially food and fiber crops, still experience serious losses every year due to environmental stress. Recently, scientists have learned to manipulate plants to overcome some of these conditions through newly discovered techniques such as molecular genetics and biotechnology. An important goal of this workshop is to bring together specialists in these fields to share their expertise with the plants scientists at the major Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU's).