Movement in Depth and Velocity: Cortical Mechanisms

深度和速度的运动：皮质机制

• 批准号: 9112596
• 负责人: Robert Emerson
• 金额: $ 21.79万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1995-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9112596&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Movement; Depth; Velocity; Cortical; Mechanisms

One feature of visual systems that is very important is detection of image motion. Such motion may occur across the visual field, or have a component toward or away from the observer, called "motion in depth." To understand how the visual system handles motion it is important to learn how nerve cells in the complex network of the visual cortex respond physiologically to moving stimuli, including selectivity to particular directions or velocities of motion. This project combines a mathematical modelling approach with physiological recording of single cortical neurons. The intent is to obtain detailed functional information about connectivity in the visual pathway that cannot be obtained through other methods such as anatomical labelling or tissue culture. Visual stimuli will be mainly those of a moving bar array which will be modulated in space and time, using the principles of "white noise" to produce a randomized stimulus sequence. One part of the study will test how velocity sensitivity may be modeled in cortical cells, and how it may suggest connectivity and cellular mechanisms for that selectivity. The other part will test selectivity for movement sensitivity in three dimensions, analyzing monocular and binocular responses to the stimulus components. This powerful approach should give results that will have an impact not only on visual neuroscience, but also on computer vision, artificial intelligence, and neural networks.

视觉系统的一个非常重要的特征是图像运动检测。这种运动可能发生在整个视野中，或者有朝向或远离观察者的部分，称为“深度运动”。为了理解视觉系统如何处理运动，重要的是要了解视觉皮层复杂网络中的神经细胞如何对运动刺激做出生理反应，包括对特定方向或运动速度的选择性。该项目将数学建模方法与单个皮质神经元的生理记录相结合。目的是获得视觉通路中连通性的详细功能信息，这些信息无法通过其他方法（如解剖标记或组织培养）获得。视觉刺激将主要是一个移动的条形阵列，它将在空间和时间上进行调制，利用“白噪声”原理产生随机的刺激序列。该研究的一部分将测试如何在皮质细胞中模拟速度敏感性，以及它如何暗示这种选择性的连通性和细胞机制。另一部分将在三个维度上测试运动敏感性的选择性，分析单眼和双眼对刺激成分的反应。这种强大的方法不仅会对视觉神经科学产生影响，还会对计算机视觉、人工智能和神经网络产生影响。