The Mechanism of Glycine Betaine Mediated Cellular Osmoregulation

甘氨酸甜菜碱介导的细胞渗透调节机制

• 批准号: 9117248
• 负责人: Sidney Pierce
• 金额: $ 26.2万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 1995-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9117248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanism; Glycine; Betaine; Mediated; Cellular

This proposal requests funds to support a study of the mechanisms that regulate the concentration of the intracellular osmolyte, glycine betaine, in response to hyperosmotic stress. Glycine betaine is an extremely common and important osmolyte in a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to plants and animals. Although a great deal is known about the salinity induced regulation of glycine betaine in bacteria, far less is known about its regulation in plants and even less in animals. We have found that oysters (Cassostrea virginica) from the Atlantic coast utilize substantial amounts of glycine betaine to regulate intracellular osmotic concentrations following hyperosmotic stress. Conspecific oysters from the Chesapeake Bay have much smaller levels of glycine betaine that do not change following high salinity stress, and the Bay oysters are not as salinity tolerant. Since the mitochondrion is usually the site of glycine betaine synthesis, these results suggest that these two populations of oysters differ at the mitochondrial level. This proposal contains experiments designed to test that possibility by comparing several aspects of the mechanism of salinity induced glycine betaine synthesis between the Bay and Atlantic oysters. The results will contribute a great deal to the understanding of glycine betaine regulation and, in addition, should resolve whether the differences between the oyster populations are genetic or environmentally founded.

这项提案要求提供资金，以支持对这些机制进行研究， 调节细胞内渗透物的浓度， 甘氨酸甜菜碱，对高渗应激的反应。甘氨酸 甜菜碱是一种非常常见和重要的渗透剂， 从细菌到植物和动物的各种物种。 尽管人们对海水中的盐度 甘氨酸甜菜碱在细菌中的调节作用， 它在植物中的调节作用在动物中的作用就更少了。我们发现 大西洋沿岸的牡蛎（Cassostrea virginica） 大量的甘氨酸甜菜碱来调节细胞内 高渗应激后的渗透浓度。同种 切萨皮克湾的牡蛎甘氨酸含量要低得多 甜菜碱不改变高盐胁迫， 海湾牡蛎不耐盐。自1960年以来， 通常是甘氨酸甜菜碱合成的网站，这些结果 表明这两个牡蛎种群在 线粒体水平。该提案包含旨在 为了测试这种可能性， 盐诱导甜菜碱合成的机理 海湾和大西洋牡蛎。结果将有助于很大 对甘氨酸甜菜碱调节的理解， 此外，还应解决牡蛎之间是否存在差异 种群是由基因或环境决定的。