Problem Solving in Quantitative Science: Practical Instruction and Cognitive Models

定量科学中的问题解决：实践教学和认知模型

• 批准号: 9150008
• 负责人: Frederick Reif
• 金额: $ 80.58万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9150008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Problem; Solving; Quantitative; Science; Practical

The Principal Investigators will conduct an R and D project that will translate past laboratory studies into practically relevant instruction. Their goals are: (1) to develop theoretically based, but practically useful methods and materials for teaching effective problem solving in the prototype domain of basic physics; (2) to increase understanding of the cognitive processes needed to learn such problem solving; and (3) thus to develop research-based guidelines for designing problem-solving instruction in other quantitative sciences. The effort will use interactive instructional methods to teach explicitly a general problem-solving strategy, a well-organized knowledge base, and the decision and checking processes needed to apply the strategy. The instructional methods, materials, and underlying theoretical models will be cumulatively improved by a sequence of instructional experiments, extending from small-scale studies to classroom contexts. In these the students will be observed in detail, the data analyzed (partially by computer modeling) to elucidate underlying learning difficulties, and the results systematically used to revise the instructional approach. Prototype instructional materials will be produced and made available to teachers and other researchers.

首席研究员将开展一个研发项目，将过去的实验室研究转化为实际相关的指导。 他们的目标是：（1）开发基于理论但实用的方法和材料，用于教授基础物理原型领域中有效解决问题的方法和材料； (2) 增加对学习解决此类问题所需的认知过程的理解； (3) 从而制定基于研究的指导方针，用于设计其他定量科学中的问题解决教学。 这项工作将使用交互式教学方法来明确地教授一般的问题解决策略、组织良好的知识库以及应用该策略所需的决策和检查过程。 教学方法、材料和基础理论模型将通过一系列教学实验不断改进，从小规模研究延伸到课堂环境。 在这些课程中，将对学生进行详细观察，分析数据（部分通过计算机建模）以阐明潜在的学习困难，并将结果系统地用于修改教学方法。 将制作原型教学材料并向教师和其他研究人员提供。