The Townsend Movement and Populist Movements of the Depression Era: Causes and Consequences

这是一项关于汤森运动的研究，该运动在大萧条时期致力于为老年人争取养老金。1936年初，汤森德运动可能包括了多达五分之一的老年人。这项研究将考察汤森运动是如何在美国各地发展和传播的，并将研究这场运动可能对老年人的公共支出产生了什么影响。这项研究将使用统计方法来分析从全国各地的历史档案中收集的数据，以及从关于汤森德运动和其他试图获得老年人养老金支持的运动的力量的民意调查数据。这项研究的重点是一场流行的社会运动的结果，比如汤森运动，这是这项研究的优势之一。另一个优势是它将良好的历史与系统的量化分析结合在一起。

This is a study of the Townsend movement which worked to secure pensions for the aged in the Depression. The Townsend movement may have included as many as one-fifth of the aged at the start of 1936. The study will examine how the Townsend movement grew and spread throughout the United States, and it will examine what effects this movement may have had on public spending for old people. The study will use statistical methods to analyze data collected from historical archives around the country and from polling data about the strengths of the Townsend movement and other movements trying to gain support for pensions for the aged. The study's focus on the outcomes of a popular social movement, such as the Townsend movement, is one of the strengths of the study. Another strength is its combination of good history with systematic quantitative analysis.