Archaeology of the Formative Period in Oaxaca

瓦哈卡形成时期的考古学

• 批准号: 9303129
• 负责人: Charles Spencer
• 金额: $ 5.8万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-08-01 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9303129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Archaeology; Formative; Period; Oaxaca

With National Science Foundation support Drs. Charles Spencer and Elsa Redmond will conduct three seasons of archaeological survey and excavation at a site near the present day town of San Martin Tilcajete (SMT), located in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico. A final season with be spent analyzing the materials collected. Preliminary work indicates that the site consists of 17 mounds organized into two mound groups and that it was occupied from ca. 700-200 BC. Drs. Spencer and Redmond will make a detailed map of the site and note all mounds, stone foundations and other cultural features. Surface artifacts will be sampled with controlled intensive surface collection. In the second season, test excavations will be placed in both mound and non-mound locations with specific placements guided by an assessment of the surface collections. In season three horizontal excavation will occur on a sample of public buildings as well as in domestic contexts. On this basis it will be possible to trace changes in the site over approximately half a millennium. Variation in population size and degree of political centralization will be monitored. Through analysis of material remains it will also be possible to determine the relationships between this site and others in the Oaxaca Valley. State level organizations have independently arisen only a few times in human history and archaeologists wish to understand the mechanisms by which this process occurs. The Zaoptec state which was centered at the site of Monte Alban in Oaxaca and appeared during the first millennium BC provides one example. While the latter stage of this process is well known through extensive excavations at Monte Alban, relatively little is known about the early part of the process since the relevant layers remain buried under buildings which have been reconstructed by the Mexican government. At the SMT site, such data are readily available. SMT appears to be a regional subcenter and for this reason will provide unique insight from what is a provincial perspective. This research is important for several reasons. Many archaeologists have worked in the Oaxaca Valley and the data Drs. Spencer and Redmond collect will fill a major gap. It will also increase our understanding of the forces which led to the development of state level societies.

在国家科学基金会的支持下。查尔斯·斯宾塞 (Charles Spencer) 和埃尔莎·雷德蒙德 (Elsa Redmond) 将在位于墨西哥瓦哈卡谷的现今圣马丁蒂尔卡杰特 (SMT) 镇附近的一个地点进行三个季节的考古调查和挖掘。最后一季用于分析收集到的材料。初步工作表明，该遗址由 17 个土丘组成，分为两个土丘组，大约从 1997 年开始就被占领。公元前 700-200 年。博士。 斯宾塞和雷德蒙德将绘制该地点的详细地图，并标注所有土墩、石基和其他文化特征。表面文物将通过受控的密集表面收集进行采样。在第二季，测试挖掘将在土丘和非土丘位置进行，具体位置将根据对地表藏品的评估进行指导。在第三季中，水平挖掘将在公共建筑样本以及家庭环境中进行。在此基础上，将有可能追踪该地点大约半个世纪以来的变化。 将监测人口规模和政治集权程度的变化。通过对物质遗骸的分析，还可以确定该遗址与瓦哈卡谷其他遗址之间的关系。 国家级组织在人类历史上独立出现过几次，考古学家希望了解这一过程发生的机制。以瓦哈卡州阿尔班山为中心、出现于公元前一千年的扎奥普特克国家就是一个例子。虽然这一过程的后期阶段通过在阿尔班山的广泛挖掘而广为人知，但人们对这一过程的早期阶段知之甚少，因为相关层仍埋在墨西哥政府重建的建筑物下。在 SMT 站点，此类数据很容易获得。 SMT 似乎是一个区域副中心，因此将从省级角度提供独特的见解。 这项研究很重要，原因有几个。许多考古学家曾在瓦哈卡谷工作过，数据博士。斯宾塞和雷蒙德收集将填补一个主要空白。它还将增加我们对导致国家级社会发展的力量的理解。