The Impact of Economic Development on the Extraction of Non-Timber Forest Products by the Sumu Indians of Nicaragua

热带地区的经济发展导致了热带雨林的大范围破坏，主要是通过商业性采伐和为牧场和农业进行砍伐。非木材森林产品，如药用植物、鱼类和野味动物，以及某些蔬菜资源(如巴西坚果)受到经济发展的强烈影响，这一点不那么引人注目，但同样重要。因此，重要的是要了解地方和全球力量推动或延缓了热带森林生物多样性的破坏。该项目的目标是首次衡量经济发展对尼加拉瓜苏木印第安人采掘非木材森林产品的影响。研究人员假设，经济发展是通过增加收入来实现的：(1)鼓励采食专业化(即采伐野生资源)，从而减少采摘非采摘植物的数量；(2)增加非采食职业在家庭收入中的份额；(3)每年从采摘非采食植物中产生约50美元/公顷的价值；(4)消耗进入商业渠道的非采掘植物，并在面临更便宜的工业替代品的情况下，可持续地采掘非采食植物。为了验证这些假设，一个多学科的研究团队(植物学家、动物学家和人类学家)将在一个贫穷的和一个富裕的苏木村进行为期两年半的实地研究，以收集关于资源收集、觅食活动的生态可持续性、家庭经济学和NTFP价值的数据。这些村庄是在1992年进行的试点研究基础上特别挑选出来的。这项研究应该为我们提供关于热带雨林开发对人类、生态和经济影响的基本信息。研究人员希望解释为什么以及如何随着经济的现代化，人们对森林植物和动物的使用发生了变化。他们将提供第一个严格的、定量的森林年采食价值估计。最后，它们将为人类在热带雨林中觅食的短期可持续性提供第一批直接衡量标准之一。TS会议！！！我为阿什顿·戈多伊抽象的阿什顿·戈多伊抽象雷蒙德·哈姆斯雷蒙德·哈姆斯

Economic development in the tropics has led to wide-spread destruction of rain forests largely through commercial logging and clear cutting for ranching and agriculture. Less dramatically but just as importantly, non-timber forest products (NTFP) such as medicinal plants, fish and game animals, and certain vegetable resources (e.g., Brazil nuts) are strongly effected by economic development. Therefore, it is important to understand the local and global forces advance or retard the destruction of biodiversity in tropical forests. The goal of this project is to measure, for the first time, the impact of economic development on the extraction of non-timber forest products by the Sumu Indians of Nicaragua. The researchers hypothesize that economic development through increases in income: (1) encourages foraging specialization (i.e., harvesting of wild resources), resulting in the extraction of fewer NTFP; (2) increases the share of household income from non-foraging occupations; (3) produces a yearly value from NTFP extraction of about US$ 50/hectare; and (4) produces depletion of NTFP entering commercial channels and sustainable extraction of NTFP facing cheaper industrial substitutes. To test these hypotheses a multidisciplinary team of researchers (a botanist, zoologist, and anthropologist) will conduct field research over the course of 2.5 years in a poor and in a rich Sumu village to collect data on resource collection, ecological sustainability of foraging activities, household economics, and the value of NTFP. These villages were specially selected based on pilot research conducted in 1992. This research should provide us fundamental information on the human, ecological, and economic impact of development in the rain forest. The researchers hope to provide an explanation of why and how people's use of both forest plants and animals changes as an economy modernizes. They will provide the first rigorous, quantitative estimate of the yearly value of the forest from foraging. Finally, they will provide one of the first direct measures of the short-run sustainability of human foraging in the tropical rain forest. ts meeting ! ! ! F v v ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial ? " h i abstract for ashton godoy abstract godoy ashton godoy abstract Raymond Hames Raymond Hames