The Middle Paleolithic of the Crimea

克里米亚旧石器时代中期

• 批准号: 9307743
• 负责人: Anthony Marks
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: Southern Methodist University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9307743&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Middle; Paleolithic; Crimea

With National Science Foundation support and in close collaboration with Ukrainian colleagues, Dr. Anthony Marks will conduct archaeological work in Crimea. Previous excavations have demonstrated the presence of rich Middle Paleolithic industries which contain human remains in addition to faunal materials. However these sites were excavated many years ago and employed techniques which are inadequate by present day standards. Dr. Marks and his collaborators will re-excavate and study seven of these. In particular they will attempt to obtain absolute dates for individual stratigraphic levels and will employ a range of techniques. These include thermolumenescent dating of both burned flint and sediment, uranium series dating and finally radiocarbon dating for younger deposits. In addition to obtaining samples for age determination, excavation will serve to clarify stratigraphic problems and to obtain large samples of faunal and lithic remains which will be analyzed to reconstruct Middle Paleolithic lifeways. Both archaeological and fossil data indicate that anatomically modern humans first appeared in Africa over 90,000 years ago. They later occur in the Near East but it is not until 40,000 or so years ago that they are found in the rest of the Old World. Archaeologists wish to trace this spread because until dates are available for different parts of the world and patterns of movement known, it is extremely difficult to understand the processes which lead to the origins and spread of modern humans. The Crimea is known to contain important fossil bearing sites from the relevant period but the data are scanty and poorly collected. Since Crimea lies near one of the major routes out of the Near East it is an area worthy of investigation. This research is important for several reasons. It will increase the archaeological data base for an important and little known region of the world. It will add to our understanding of the origin and spread of modern humans and assist in the training of Ukrainian archaeologists.

在国家科学基金会的支持下， 安东尼·马克斯博士将与乌克兰同事 在克里米亚的考古工作。以前的挖掘工作 证明了旧石器时代中期 其中除了动物材料外还含有人类遗骸。 然而，这些遗址在许多年前被挖掘出来， 这些技术不符合当今的标准。马克斯医生 他的合作者将重新挖掘和研究其中的七个。在 特别是他们将试图获得绝对日期， 个别地层水平，并将采用一系列 技术.其中包括两个燃烧的热释光测年 燧石和沉积物，铀系年代测定，最后放射性碳 为更年轻的沉积物定年除了获得样本， 年代测定，挖掘将有助于澄清地层 问题，并获得大量的动物群和岩屑遗骸样本 将被分析以重建旧石器时代中期的生活方式。 考古学和化石数据都表明， 现代人类最早出现在9万年前的非洲。他们 后来在近东出现，但直到4万年前 在旧世界的其他地方发现它们之前。 考古学家希望追踪这种传播，因为直到日期 可用于世界不同地区和移动模式 已知的，这是非常困难的理解过程， 导致了现代人类的起源和传播。克里米亚是 已知含有重要的化石承载地点， 但数据很少，收集得也不好。自从克里米亚 位于近东的一条主要路线附近，这是一个 值得研究的领域。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。将加大 一个重要而鲜为人知的考古数据库 世界的一个地区。它将增加我们对起源的理解 和传播现代人类，并协助培训乌克兰 考古学家