Mechanisms of Destabilization of Membranes in Anhydrobiotic Organisms

脱水生物膜失稳机制

• 批准号: 9308581
• 负责人: John Crowe
• 金额: $ 48.38万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-15 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9308581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Destabilization; Membranes; Anhydrobiotic; Organisms

9308581 Crowe Previous studies have shown that certain organisms that survive complete dehydration (such as yeast cells, seeds) contain large quantities of sugars, particularly trehalose or sucrose. These sugars preserve structure and function by replacing the water around polar residues. As a result, the membranes and proteins are maintained in a physical state similar to that seen in the fully hydrated preparations. The same sugars also stabilize liposomes in the dry state. As a result of these findings, liposomes, which are in use for clinical treatment of certain diseases, can be shipped as dry powders. Upon rehydration, they are ready for use. Based on these previous findings, it has been suggested that presence of one of these sugars is sufficient to preserve structure and function in any cell upon drying. However, further evidence has emerged that while cells that are not normally adapted to drying can be induced to survive when the sugars are introduced, they usually die soon thereafter. This project is aimed at discovering the mechanisms that destabilize such cells and the means by which cells that are normally adapted to drying escape that destabilization. We expect the results not only to be of scientific interest, but also to be useful in the preservation of biological structure and function by drying or freezing. ***

9308581克劳以前的研究表明，在完全脱水中存活的某些有机体(如酵母细胞、种子)含有大量糖，特别是海藻糖或蔗糖。这些糖通过取代极性残基周围的水来保持结构和功能。结果，膜和蛋白质保持在与完全水合制剂相似的物理状态。同样的糖也可以在干燥状态下稳定脂质体。由于这些发现，用于临床治疗某些疾病的脂质体可以作为干粉运输。补充水分后，它们就可以使用了。基于这些先前的发现，有人提出，这些糖中的一种的存在足以在干燥时保持任何细胞的结构和功能。然而，更多的证据表明，当糖被引入时，通常不适应干燥的细胞可以被诱导存活，但它们通常很快就会死亡。该项目旨在发现破坏这些细胞稳定的机制，以及正常适应干燥的细胞逃脱这种不稳定的方法。我们期望这些结果不仅具有科学价值，而且对于通过干燥或冷冻保存生物结构和功能也是有用的。***