Swarming Behavior of Zooplankton

浮游动物的集群行为

• 批准号: 9314934
• 负责人: Jeannette Yen
• 金额: $ 34.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-06-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9314934&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Swarming; Behavior; Zooplankton

9314934 Yen Swarming of zooplankton at various temporal and spatial scales have been observed: where fist-sized ephemeral clouds of Acartia form in eddies behind coral heads or are found milling around shafts of light, to extensive layers existing at depth or migrating as deep-scattering layers. While aggregative behavior has been well-studied in larger aquatic organisms (fish, krill) and terrestrial animals (birds, insects), little is known of how copepods form aggregates nor how they maintain the patch against the tendency of spreading by random motion and the dispersive energy of mixing in the ocean. Furthermore, there is little quantitative knowledge of the cues that cause aggregations in zooplankton nor of the purpose of these aggregations. A detailed study of swarming behavior in copepods is needed yet this has not been done before because of limitations in making actual observations of swarming behavior or in monitoring situations where one can quantitatively evaluate their aggregative dynamics. This research project will observe and record zooplankton in a laboratory setting using laser-illuminated video imaging, and it will examine the kinematics of the formation and maintenance of zooplankton swarms to an attractive marker with a quantification of the 3-dimensional animal-animal interactions as well as the 3D animal-fluid motion. The project will determine the sensitivity of copepods to cues of different modalities (light-, odor-, motion- reception) which attract swarm members and to quantify the forces that maintain a swarm against dispersion by motion. The effects of attractant intensity and the species of the swarm member (stage, sex, size ) on swarm size, density and distribution (separation distance) as well as on swimming behavior (posture, orientation, turning and collision frequency, velocity and acceleration) will be investigated. To verify laboratory findings, the behavior of swarms and the dynamics of swarm formation in respo nse to a designated attractant will be examined in situ in nature. ***

在不同的时间和空间尺度上观察到了9314934日元的浮游动物集群：拳头大小的阿卡梯短暂云团在珊瑚头后面形成漩涡，或者被发现在光柱周围盘旋，延伸到存在于深处的广泛层，或者作为深层散射层迁移。虽然在较大的水生生物(鱼、磷虾)和陆地动物(鸟类、昆虫)中对聚集行为进行了很好的研究，但关于桡足类如何形成聚集体，以及它们如何维持斑块以防止通过随机运动和海洋中混合的弥散能量传播的趋势，人们知之甚少。此外，对于导致浮游动物聚集的线索或这些聚集的目的，我们几乎没有定量的知识。需要对桡足类的群体行为进行详细的研究，但由于在对群体行为进行实际观察或监测能够定量评估其聚集动态的情况方面存在局限性，以前没有进行过这方面的研究。这项研究项目将在实验室环境中使用激光照明视频成像来观察和记录浮游动物，并将通过量化三维动物-动物相互作用以及三维动物-流体运动来研究浮游动物群体的形成和维持的运动学。该项目将确定桡足类对吸引蜂群成员的不同方式(光、气味、运动接收)的提示的敏感性，并量化维持蜂群免受运动分散的力量。将研究引诱剂强度和蜂群成员的种类(阶段、性别、大小)对蜂群大小、密度和分布(分离距离)以及对游泳行为(姿势、方向、转弯和碰撞频率、速度和加速度)的影响。为了验证实验室的发现，将在自然界中现场检查蜂群的行为和对指定引诱剂的响应中的蜂群形成的动力学。***