The Commons: Institutions, Heterogeneities, Time Dependencies, and Local/Global Nesting

小行星9319835 公共资源库一直是社会科学领域广泛研究的焦点。 特别是，关于不同机构是否有能力科普国家方案建议的分配问题的政策辩论越来越多。 共同使用CPR的个人被认为面临着一个社会困境-通常被称为公地悲剧-在这种情况下，个人理性的资源使用者忽略了他们对其他用户施加的外部伤害，导致从群体的角度来看不合理的结果。 使用理论和实证方法，在博弈论的基础上，实地研究和实验方法，作者以前的研究解决了许多问题，有关的分配问题，围绕CPR。 目前的调查扩展了以前的工作，在更复杂的（更现实的）实验室和现场环境中检查行为。 特别是，所提出的研究开始的过程中，检查行为的环境与以下属性：时间依赖性;多重均衡;异质性;和，本地/全球嵌套。 这些属性中的每一个都将被调查，特别关注机构环境如何与个人和群体行为相互作用。 在实验室中，时间依赖的设置将进行调查，其中受试者的当前决策有显着的后果，他们在未来的游戏中面临的决策设置的特点。 将研究受试者在面对外部强加的“游戏规则”时做出决定的环境，以及受试者在选择规则时具有灵活性的环境。 一个主要的焦点将是由于投入禀赋、成本、技术和信息的异质性而产生的潜在冲突。 在外地，重点还将解决时间依赖性和占用者异质性的物理和体制条件的变化有关的问题。 实地研究将主要集中在林业资源上。 作为之前NSF资助的一部分，作者开发并预先测试了一系列数据收集工具，这些工具可用于随着时间的推移重复记录有关森林和森林机构的系统数据。 目前的这个项目对于对这个不断发展的数据库进行广泛的科学分析至关重要。 ***

9319835 Ostrom Common Pool Resources (CPRs) have been the focus of extensive research in the social sciences. In particular, there has been an ever-growing policy debate regarding the ability of diverse institutions to cope with the allocation issues that surround CPRs. Individuals jointly using a CPR are assumed to face a social dilemma - - often called the tragedy of the commons - - in which individually rational resource users ignore the external harm they impose on other users, leading to outcomes that are not rational from the perspective of the group. Using a theoretical and empirical approach with foundations in game theory, field studies, and experimental methods, the authors' previous research addressed numerous questions related to the allocation issues that surround CPRs. The current investigation extends this previous work by examining behavioral regularities in more complex (more realistic) laboratory and field environments. In particular, the proposed research begins the process of examining behavior in environments with the following attributes: time dependencies; multiple equilibria; heterogeneities; and, local/global nesting. Each of these attributes will be investigated with a specific focus on how the institutional setting interacts with individual and group behavior. In the laboratory, time-dependent settings will be investigated in which subjects' current decisions have significant consequences on the characteristics of the decision setting they face in future plays of the game. Settings will be investigated where subjects make decisions facing exogenously imposed "rules of the game: and settings where subjects have flexibility in choosing the rules. A principle focus will be the potential conflict that arises due to heterogeneities in input endowments, costs, technology, and information. In the field, the focus will also address issues of time dependency and appropriator heterogeneity in relation to variations in physical a nd institutional conditions. The filed research will focus principally on forestry resources. As part of prior NSF funding, the authors developed and pretested a series of data collection instruments that can be used to record systematic data about forests and forest institutions on a repeated basis over time. This current project is crucial for extensive scientific analyses of this evolving database. ***