Dissertation Research : "Incorporating Local Communities into the Governance of Southern African Peace Parks"

论文研究：“将当地社区纳入南部非洲和平公园的治理”

• 批准号: 0620381
• 负责人: Elinor Ostrom
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0620381&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Incorporating; Local; Communities

Transboundary protected areas are parks that cross international borders, generally composed of two or more adjoining national parks. Over the past decade they have grown in popularity worldwide with near 200 now in existence. Their popularity stems from advocates promoting three key features: conservationists claim that their large size helps preserve biodiversity; economic advisors draw links between large parks, ecotourism, and economic development; and, other advocates make a functionalist argument that working towards common goals helps promote peace between nations. At the same time, however, transboundary parks create an interesting challenge to managers attempting to govern when jurisdictional boundaries do not match ecological boundaries, confronting transaction costs that national parks do not face. The challenge is how to build and strengthen institutions that effectively bridge the gaps created by political borders, minimize these transaction costs, and coordinate multi-level governance efforts. Using transboundary protected areas as a means to examine multi-level, cross-border governance, this study turns to southern Africa where the transboundary park movement is active. South Africa, alone, is creating six different transboundary parks, working with each of its neighbors on one or more projects. Two of these projects provide interesting cases for analysis -- the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park of South Africa and Botswana and the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park of South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. Both parks share many traits -- large size, long national park histories, similar ecosystems, and equivalent international recognition. One difference, however, is that the Kgalagadi emerged from the efforts of local park officials coordinating efforts on both sides of the border, while the Great Limpopo arose from national ministries electing to establish an international park. Using policy responses to social, political, and ecological disturbances, this study will look at how national park responses and coordinated international efforts differ between the two transboundary parks. In the process, I hope to gain insight into how to create more effective institutions for multi-level governance across borders.

跨界保护区是跨越国际边界的公园，通常由两个或两个以上相邻的国家公园组成。在过去的十年里，它们在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，目前已有近200个。它们的受欢迎程度源于倡导者促进三个关键特征：自然资源保护主义者声称它们的大规模有助于保护生物多样性;经济顾问将大型公园，生态旅游和经济发展联系起来;其他倡导者提出功能主义论点，即朝着共同目标努力有助于促进国家之间的和平。然而，与此同时，跨界公园给试图在管辖边界与生态边界不匹配时进行管理的管理者带来了一个有趣的挑战，面临着国家公园不面临的交易成本。挑战是如何建立和加强有效弥合政治边界造成的差距的机构，最大限度地减少这些交易成本，并协调多层次的治理努力。利用跨界保护区作为一种手段来检查多层次，跨界治理，这项研究转向南部非洲的跨界公园运动是活跃的。 仅南非就在创建六个不同的跨境公园，与每个邻国合作一个或多个项目。 其中两个项目提供了有趣的分析案例-南非和博茨瓦纳的Kgalagadi跨界公园和南非、莫桑比克和津巴布韦的大林波波跨界公园。这两个公园有许多共同的特点--面积大，国家公园历史悠久，生态系统相似，国际认可度相当。然而，一个不同之处在于，Kgalagadi是由当地公园官员协调边界两侧的努力产生的，而大林波波则是由国家部委选择建立一个国际公园产生的。利用政策反应社会，政治和生态干扰，这项研究将着眼于如何国家公园的反应和协调的国际努力不同的两个跨界公园。在这个过程中，我希望能够深入了解如何创建更有效的跨国界多层次治理机构。