Craft Production and Sociopolitical Hierarchy in Southern Mesoamerica

中美洲南部的手工艺生产和社会政治等级制度

• 批准号: 9407751
• 负责人: Edward Schortman
• 金额: $ 13.34万
• 依托单位: Kenyon College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-11-15 至 1997-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9407751&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Craft; Production; Sociopolitical; Hierarchy; Southern

Schortman With National Science Foundation support Drs. Schortman and Urban will continue their archaeological work in the 96 km2 Naco valley which is located in NW Honduras. Their prior research has revealed over two millennia of continuous occupation predating the Spanish Conquest. This span was characterized by changes in political centralization and the extent to which the valley was integrated within a single polity. The team will focus their attention on one of the most marked centralizing episodes, the Late Classic period (AD 600-95) when Naco and its immediate environs were administered from the site of La Sierra. Although concentration of power at La Sierra is strongly indicated by the archaeological record, it is much harder to identify the factors which underlie this political process. Evidence suggests that La Sierra's rulers monopolized the production and distribution of a limited range of generally needed items. These goods, the researchers hypothesize, were fashioned using complex, difficult- to-learn skills on materials localized in the capital. In effect, control was achieved through the imposition of an economic monopoly. However, data also indicate that this monopoly was not complete and that outlying areas manipulated the system to obtain varying degrees of autonomy. The goal of the present research is to evaluate in detail how this system worked. The research team will excavate a series of sites, not only in the capitol of La Sierra, but also in a number of outlying areas which are located at different distances from it. This research is important because it will shed new light on how complex societies emerge and are maintained. The level of effective political centralization observed in the Naco valley is widely replicated in many parts of the third world today. Archaeology offers the possibility to gain unique insight into such political mechanisms because it permits them to be followed over extended time periods. The work is also import ant because it will involve a large number of undergraduate students and encourage them to pursue careers in science. ***

朔尔特曼 在国家科学基金会的支持下，Schortman博士和Urban博士将继续在洪都拉斯西北部96平方公里的纳科山谷进行考古工作。他们先前的研究揭示了在西班牙征服之前超过两千年的持续占领。这一时期的特点是政治集中化的变化和山谷被整合在一个单一政体中的程度。该小组将把注意力集中在最显著的集中事件之一，古典晚期（公元600-95年），当时纳科及其周边地区是从拉谢拉的网站管理。尽管考古记录强烈地表明权力集中在拉谢拉，但要确定这一政治进程背后的因素要困难得多。有证据表明，拉谢拉的统治者垄断了有限范围的普遍需要的物品的生产和分配。研究人员推测，这些商品是在首都本地化的材料上使用复杂、难以学习的技能制作的。实际上，控制是通过实行经济垄断来实现的。然而，数据也表明，这种垄断并不完全，边远地区操纵这一制度，以获得不同程度的自治。本研究的目的是详细评估该系统是如何工作的。研究团队将挖掘一系列遗址，不仅在拉谢拉的首都，而且在距离首都不同距离的一些外围地区。 这项研究很重要，因为它将为复杂社会的出现和维持提供新的线索。在纳科山谷观察到的有效政治集中程度在今天第三世界的许多地方广泛复制。 考古学提供了对这种政治机制获得独特见解的可能性，因为它允许它们在很长的时间内被跟踪。这项工作也很重要，因为它将涉及大量的本科生，并鼓励他们追求科学事业。 ***