Wartime Catalyst and Postwar Reaction: The Making of the U.S. Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry

在第一次世界大战之前，美国几乎没有合成有机化学品工业。 相反，它几乎完全依赖从该领域的世界领先者德国进口此类化学品。 在第一次世界大战期间和之后，美国工业家和政府官员在大学的支持下，通过包括关税和禁运、军事采购合同和没收德国化学财产在内的政策促进了有机化学工业的发展。 到20世纪20年代末，美国化学工业已牢固地确立了作为世界竞争者的地位，能够生产阿司匹林、塑料和染料等著名产品。 根据以前的补助金，以支持她的博士论文研究，博士斯蒂恩审查了美国合成有机化学工业的发展，从1910年至1933年。 在这项资助下，她正在扩大她的美国研究，以更好地了解德国化学公司及其美国进口代理商在多年的战争压力和猖獗的仇外心理之间的复杂关系。 她还扩展了她以前的研究，包括制药领域。 为了进行这项深入的研究，斯蒂恩博士正在研究德国拜耳公司和B.A.S.F.公司的档案，慕尼黑德意志博物馆的档案，以及查尔斯H.埃默里大学的海蒂论文。

Prior to World War 1, the United States possessed virtually no synthetic organic chemicals industry. Instead, it relied almost exclusively on imports of such chemicals from Germany, the world leader in this area. During and following World War I, American industrialists and government officials, with support from universities, promoted the organic chemistry industry through policies that included tariffs and embargoes, military procurement contracts, and confiscation of German chemical property. By the end of the 1920's, the American chemical industry was firmly established as a world competitor capable of producing such notable products as aspirin, plastics, and dyestuffs. Under a previous grant to support her doctoral dissertation research, Dr. Steen examined the development of the American synthetic organic chemical industry from 1910 to 1933. Under this grant, she is extending her American study to gain a greater understanding of the complex relationship between the German chemical companies and their American importing agents during years of wartime stress and rampant xenophobia. She is also extending her previous study to include the area of pharmaceuticals. In order to carry out this extended study, Dr. Steen is examining German archives of the Bayer Company, and the B.A.S.F. company , the archives at the Deutches Museum in Munich, and the Charles H. Herty papers at Emory University.