Wartime Catalyst and Postwar Reaction: The Making of the U.S. Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry, 1910-1930

SES 00-80496 - Kathryn Steen（德雷克塞尔大学）-“战时催化剂和战后反应：美国合成有机化学品工业的形成，1910-1930“该奖项为首席研究员提供了她完成关于美国合成有机化学品工业发展的书所需的研究所需的支持，1910-1930。在第一次世界大战之前，德国提供了世界上近90%的合成有机化学品供应。当第一次世界大战使美国和德国成为敌人时，美国人失去了德国化学品的供应，并开始了一场创建国内合成有机化学品工业的运动。PI的书将考察美国工业在第一次世界大战和20世纪20年代是如何发展的，主要关注制造商、联邦政府和大学科学系之间的关系。对新兴工业的支持是以传统政策的形式，如关税和统计收集，但战争中的合成染料和制药工业也通过军火合同得到了帮助，没收德国在美国的工厂和专利，以及凡尔赛条约中的赔偿条款。尽管有有利的政策，掌握科学知识证明是一个深刻的挑战。

SES 00-80496 - Kathryn Steen (Drexel University) - "Wartime Catalyst and Postwar Reaction: The Making of the U.S. Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry, 1910-1930"This award provides the Principal Investigator the support she needs to complete the research required for her book on the development of the U.S. synthetic organic chemicals industry, 1910-1930. Prior to World War I, Germany provided nearly ninety percent of the world's supply of synthetic organic chemicals. When World War I made the United States and Germany enemies, Americans lost their supply of German chemicals and embarked on a campaign to create a domestic synthetic organic chemicals industry. The PI's book will examine how the American industry developed in World War I and the 1920s, focusing primarily on the relationship among manufacturers, the federal government, and university science departments.Support for the nascent industry came in the form of traditional policies, such as tariffs and statistical collections, but the warborn synthetic dyes and pharmaceuticals industry also received help through munitions contracts, the confiscation of German plants and patents in the United States, and reparations provisions in the Treaty of Versailles. Despite the beneficial policies, mastery of the scientific know-how proved a profound challenge.