Hydrologic Impacts of Variations in the Albedo of Seasonal Snow

小行星9417593 这项拟议研究的主要目标是检查和评估如何的空间和时间变化的积雪融化影响的时间和强度的季节性积雪融化和其他水文变量，包括土壤水分，潜在的蒸散和大气环流模式。 季节性积雪和消融在中纬度地区和极地地区将使用大气环流模型（GCM），空间和时间变化的雪的CO2将被采用。 目前在大气环流模式中的雪的参数化方法是基于温度、纬度和雪深，而不是雪的物理性质。 将对GCM导出的积雪覆盖范围和雪水当量进行验证。 将开发基于物理学的雪灾参数化方法，用于气候数学模型。 将确定使用特定大气环流模型进行大规模积雪水文估算的可行性。 还将评估在全球气候模式中使用基于物理的、随时间和空间变化的雪景的可行性。 将对遥感数据进行调查，作为评估全球气候模式积雪估计准确性的一种手段。 目前的气候模型对降雪敏感，但它们使用简单，不准确的参数化。 我们需要的是一个全面的研究之间的关系，降雪量和水文响应的气候模式的空间和时间变化的降雪量。 GMC对季节性积雪范围和深度的准确性仍然未经测试。

9417593 Nolin The primary objective of this proposed research is to examine and evaluate how the spatial and temporal variability of snow albedo affects the timing and intensity of seasonal snow melt and other hydrologic variables including soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration and atmospheric circulation patterns. Seasonal snow accumulation and ablation in both the mid-latitudes and the polar regions will be modeled using a general circulation model (GCM) with which spatially and temporally varying snow albedo will be employed. Current means of snow albedo parameterization in GCM's are based on temperature, latitude, and snow depth rather than the physical properties of snow. Validation of the GCM- derived extent of snowcover and snow water equivalent will be performed. Physically-based parameterizations of snow albedo will be developed for use in mathematical models of climate. The viability of using particular GCM's for large-scale snow hydrologic estimates will be determined. The feasibility of using physically- based, time- and space-variant snow albedos in a GCM will also be evaluated. Remote sensing data will be investigated as a means of assessing the accuracy of GCM snowcover estimates. Current models of climate are sensitive to snow albedo, yet they use simple, inaccurate parameterization. What is needed is a comprehensive study of the relationship between snow albedo and hydrologic response of climate models to sptial and temporal changes in snow albedo. GMC accuracy for seasonal snow extent and depth is still untested.