Evaluation and Comparison of Impacts of Flavored Waterpipe Tobacco and Electronic Waterpipe E-Liquid Formulation Variations on Toxicant Yields and Particle Size Distribution in Mainstream Emissions

项目摘要 在美国，水烟（WP）吸烟已成为一种流行的烟草使用形式，特别是在年轻人中， 年轻人这些群体特别受到调味可湿性粉剂烟草（WPT）的吸引。甜WPT口味是 首选，特别是水果口味导致开始和继续使用WP，以及误解 可湿性粉剂吸烟的危害小于吸烟。WPT吸烟与许多相同的 有害健康的影响，如吸烟和释放许多相同的有害和潜在的有害 与香烟相比，HPHC的含量增加了10-100倍。调味WP吸烟的普及 近年来，该公司已扩大到调味无烟草替代品，包括电子WP（EWP）。EWP 取代了传统的WP碗和热源与电子头充满了香料，含尼古丁， 电子烟液体（e-liquid），将WP变成电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）。鉴于越来越受欢迎的 其他风味的ENDS、EWP可能引起类似的吸引力和吸收问题。EWP可能被视为安全的 WP替代品，但它有可能释放与其他ENDS相同的有害排放物。然而， 了解EWP的安全性，或者与WPT吸烟相比，它是否提供任何危害减少。黄嘌呤WP 产品可能在可湿性粉剂吸烟的直接危害中发挥重要作用。EWP电子液体和WPT都使用 调味剂、甜味保湿剂（丙二醇和甘油）和糖以增强其吸引力。这些 香烟中的成分已显示在吸烟过程中形成有毒的醛和呋喃。ENDS研究 表明电子液体保湿剂含量的变化以及调味剂的存在可以增加醛类 排放对调味WP产品的有毒物质排放范围缺乏基础知识 以及产品配方变化对有毒排放物和颗粒大小分布的影响， 这是将有毒物质输送到人体呼吸系统的参数。为了规范WP吸烟， 产品标准，以减少危害和公共卫生的影响，这是当务之急，美国食品和药物管理局， 政府有数据来了解调味WP吸烟对暴露的影响以及暴露如何 传统和替代WP吸烟平台之间可能存在差异。本研究将通过评估来填补这些空白 并比较风味特征、保湿剂和糖含量以及加热温度的变化的影响， 在各种市售WPT和EWP电子液体中，HPHC和其他有毒物质的产量 作为主流可湿性粉剂排放物的粒度分布。这也将是第一个测量有毒物质的研究。 使用EWP产生的排放。这项研究是一个重要的步骤，在提供强大的，基本的信息WP 产品配方和有毒物质排放，以更好地了解与调味WP相关的相对危害 吸烟和建立知识库，为可湿性粉剂产品标准的监管行动提供信息。

Project Summary Waterpipe (WP) smoking has become a popular form of tobacco use in the US, especially among youth and young adults. These groups are particularly attracted to flavored WP tobacco (WPT). Sweet WPT flavors are preferred, with fruit flavors in particular leading to initiation and continued WP use, as well as the misperception of WP smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. WPT smoking has been linked to many of the same adverse health effects as cigarette smoking and releases many of the same harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) as cigarettes, at 10-100 times increased levels. The popularity of flavored WP smoking has expanded in recent years to flavored tobacco-free alternatives, including electronic WP (EWP). EWP replaces the traditional WP bowl and heat source with an electronic head filled with flavored, nicotine-containing liquid (e-liquid), turning the WP into an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Given the rising popularity of other flavored ENDS, EWP may pose similar appeal and uptake concerns. EWP may be perceived as a safe WP alternative, but it has the potential to release the same harmful emissions as other ENDS. Yet nothing is known about the safety of EWP, or if it offers any harm reductions compared to WPT smoking. Flavored WP products may play an important role in the direct harms of WP smoking. EWP e-liquids and WPTs both use flavorants, sweet humectants (propylene glycol and glycerol), and sugars to enhance their appeal. These ingredients in cigarettes have been shown to form toxic aldehydes and furans during smoking. ENDS research shows that variations in e-liquid humectant content, as well as the presence of flavorings, can increase aldehydes emissions. Fundamental knowledge is lacking on the range of toxicants emissions across flavored WP products and the impact of variations in product formulations on toxic emissions and particle size distribution, a critical parameter in the delivery of toxicants to the human respiratory system. In order to regulate WP smoking and set product standards to reduce harms and public health impacts, it is imperative that US Food and Drug Administration have data to understand the impact of flavored WP smoking on exposure and how exposures may differ between traditional and alternative WP smoking platforms. This study will fill these gaps by evaluating and comparing the impact of variations in flavor profiles, humectants and sugar levels, and heating temperatures, in a variety of commercially available WPTs and EWP e-liquids on yields of HPHCs and other toxicants as well as particle size distribution in mainstream WP emissions. This will also be the first study to measure toxicant emissions from EWP use. This study is an essential step in providing robust, fundamental information on WP product formulations and toxicant emissions to better understand relative harms associated with flavored WP smoking and establish a knowledge base to inform regulatory actions surrounding WP product standards.