Evaluation and Comparison of Impacts of Flavored Waterpipe Tobacco and Electronic Waterpipe E-Liquid Formulation Variations on Toxicant Yields and Particle Size Distribution in Mainstream Emissions

项目摘要 在美国，水烟斗(WP)吸烟已成为一种流行的烟草使用形式，特别是在年轻人和 年轻人。这些群体特别喜欢调味的可湿性粉剂烟草(WPT)。甜味的WPT口味是 首选，特别是水果的味道导致开始和持续使用可湿性粉剂，以及误解 可湿性粉剂吸烟的危害比吸烟小。WPT吸烟与许多相同的原因有关 对健康的不利影响与吸烟一样，并释放出许多同样有害和潜在有害的物质 成分(羟基苯丙烷)与香烟一样，含量增加了10-100倍。调味可湿性粉烟的流行 近年来已经扩展到加味无烟替代品，包括电子可湿性粉剂(EWP)。电子可湿性粉剂 用电子头取代传统的可湿性粉碗和热源，里面装满了调味的、含尼古丁的 液体(电子液体)，将可湿性粉剂转变为电子尼古丁输送系统(完)。考虑到越来越受欢迎的 其他口味的目标，EWP可能会引起类似的吸引力和吸收担忧。电子可湿性粉剂可被视为一种安全 可湿性粉剂可替代，但它有可能释放出与其他末端相同的有害排放。然而，没有什么是 了解电子可湿性粉剂的安全性，或者与可湿性粉剂相比，它是否能减少危害。风味可湿性粉剂 产品可能在可湿性粉剂吸烟的直接危害中发挥重要作用。电子可湿性粉剂和可湿性粉剂都使用 调味剂、甜味保湿剂(丙二醇和甘油)和糖，以增强其吸引力。这些 已有研究表明，香烟中的成分在吸烟时会形成有毒的醛和呋喃。结束研究 研究表明，电子液体保湿剂含量的变化，以及调味品的存在，都会增加醛的含量。 排放。对风味可湿性粉剂产品的毒物排放范围缺乏基本知识 以及产品配方变化对有毒物质排放和颗粒大小分布的影响，这是一个关键 向人体呼吸系统输送毒物时的参数。为了规范可湿性粉剂的吸烟和设置 为了减少危害和对公共健康的影响，美国食品和药物管理局势在必行 管理部门有数据来了解有味道的可湿性粉剂吸烟对暴露的影响以及如何暴露 在传统的可湿性粉剂吸烟台和替代可湿性粉剂吸烟台之间可能有所不同。这项研究将通过评估来填补这些空白 并比较了风味、保湿剂和糖分水平以及加热温度变化的影响， 在各种市售WPTs和EWP电子液体中，HPHCs和其他毒物的产量也 作为主流可湿性粉尘排放中的粒度分布。这也将是第一个测量有毒物质的研究。 使用可吸入可湿性粉剂产生的排放。这项研究是提供有关可湿性粉剂的可靠、基本信息的关键一步 产品配方和有毒物质排放，以更好地了解与风味可湿性粉剂相关的相对危害 并建立知识库，为有关可湿性粉剂产品标准的监管行动提供信息。

Project Summary Waterpipe (WP) smoking has become a popular form of tobacco use in the US, especially among youth and young adults. These groups are particularly attracted to flavored WP tobacco (WPT). Sweet WPT flavors are preferred, with fruit flavors in particular leading to initiation and continued WP use, as well as the misperception of WP smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. WPT smoking has been linked to many of the same adverse health effects as cigarette smoking and releases many of the same harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) as cigarettes, at 10-100 times increased levels. The popularity of flavored WP smoking has expanded in recent years to flavored tobacco-free alternatives, including electronic WP (EWP). EWP replaces the traditional WP bowl and heat source with an electronic head filled with flavored, nicotine-containing liquid (e-liquid), turning the WP into an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Given the rising popularity of other flavored ENDS, EWP may pose similar appeal and uptake concerns. EWP may be perceived as a safe WP alternative, but it has the potential to release the same harmful emissions as other ENDS. Yet nothing is known about the safety of EWP, or if it offers any harm reductions compared to WPT smoking. Flavored WP products may play an important role in the direct harms of WP smoking. EWP e-liquids and WPTs both use flavorants, sweet humectants (propylene glycol and glycerol), and sugars to enhance their appeal. These ingredients in cigarettes have been shown to form toxic aldehydes and furans during smoking. ENDS research shows that variations in e-liquid humectant content, as well as the presence of flavorings, can increase aldehydes emissions. Fundamental knowledge is lacking on the range of toxicants emissions across flavored WP products and the impact of variations in product formulations on toxic emissions and particle size distribution, a critical parameter in the delivery of toxicants to the human respiratory system. In order to regulate WP smoking and set product standards to reduce harms and public health impacts, it is imperative that US Food and Drug Administration have data to understand the impact of flavored WP smoking on exposure and how exposures may differ between traditional and alternative WP smoking platforms. This study will fill these gaps by evaluating and comparing the impact of variations in flavor profiles, humectants and sugar levels, and heating temperatures, in a variety of commercially available WPTs and EWP e-liquids on yields of HPHCs and other toxicants as well as particle size distribution in mainstream WP emissions. This will also be the first study to measure toxicant emissions from EWP use. This study is an essential step in providing robust, fundamental information on WP product formulations and toxicant emissions to better understand relative harms associated with flavored WP smoking and establish a knowledge base to inform regulatory actions surrounding WP product standards.