Analytical Model of Superscalar Processor Performance

超标量处理器性能分析模型

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    9423272
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 24万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    1995-07-01 至 1998-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Trace-driven simulators (TDS) are widely used by processor architects to accurately assess the expected performance of a processor design. While necessary and useful, TDS have some shortcomings. Traces of realistic programs are usually very large and expensive to store, and simulation of traces can very time consuming. Furthermore, simulation does not yield a characterization of the factors that determine performance, and hence can not recommend specific changes to enhance performance. The two-fold objectives of this research are (1) to investigate alternatives to TDS for accurately quantifying processor performance; and (2) to seek to characterize factors that determine superscalar processor performance. The effort will involve developing an analytical model of machine behavior, based on which processor performance can be computed without requiring tedious trace-driven simulation. It is hoped that the same analytical model, in addition to providing a useful tool, will also provide a characterization of superscalar processor performance. This characterization can potentially reveal fundamental laws governing processor performance that can be mathematically formulated. In this research project, processor performance is modeled as a composition of program parallelism and machine parallelism. Program parallelism is represented by two distribution functions that are derived from the execution trace of benchmark and captures the control and data dependencies in the program. This derivation is analogous to performing a type of transform on the execution trace from the time domain to the transformed domain. Consequently the two distribution functions can be viewed as concise spectral representation of the program parallelism. Machine parallelism represents the resources available in the processor for the concurrent processing of instructions. A machine is modelled as a network, or circuit, of primitive components, e.g. buffers and scalar pipelines. Macro models of the components and the model for their serial and parallel interconnections will be developed. With such a circuit of model microarchitectures, complex superscalar processors can be effectively and rigorously modeled. While the research appears somewhat theoretical in nature, a great deal of experimentation is required and expected. The plan is to work with realistic programs with extremely long traces as well as a wide range of state-of-the-art implementations of real instruction set architectures. The Alpha 21164 and the Power PC 620 designs and the SPEC92 Shen benchmark suites are used as the primary experimentation vehicles.
跟踪驱动模拟器(TDS)被处理器架构师广泛用于准确评估处理器设计的预期性能。虽然TDS是必要和有用的,但它也有一些缺点。现实程序的轨迹通常非常大,存储成本很高,并且轨迹的模拟非常耗时。此外,模拟不能产生决定性能的因素的特征,因此不能建议具体的更改来提高性能。本研究的双重目标是:(1)研究TDS的替代方案,以准确量化处理器性能;(2)寻求表征决定超标量处理器性能的因素。这项工作将包括开发一个机器行为的分析模型,在此基础上可以计算处理器的性能,而不需要繁琐的跟踪驱动模拟。希望同样的分析模型,除了提供一个有用的工具外,还将提供对超标量处理器性能的表征。这种特性可以潜在地揭示控制处理器性能的基本规律,这些规律可以用数学公式表示。在本研究项目中,处理器性能被建模为程序并行性和机器并行性的组合。程序并行性由两个分布函数表示,这两个分布函数派生自基准的执行跟踪,并捕获程序中的控制和数据依赖关系。这种派生类似于在从时间域到被转换域的执行跟踪上执行某种类型的转换。因此,这两个分布函数可以看作是程序并行度的简明谱表示。机器并行性表示处理器中用于并发处理指令的可用资源。一台机器被建模为一个网络或电路,由基本元件组成,例如缓冲器和标量管道。将开发组件的宏观模型及其串联和并联互连模型。利用这种模型微体系结构电路,可以对复杂的超标量处理器进行有效而严格的建模。虽然这项研究在本质上似乎有些理论性,但需要和期望进行大量的实验。我们的计划是使用具有极长跟踪的实际程序以及实际指令集体系结构的各种最新实现。Alpha 21164和Power PC 620设计以及SPEC92 Shen基准套件被用作主要的实验工具。

项目成果

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John Shen其他文献

The Effect of Apalutamide on Thyroid Function in Prostate Cancer Patients
阿帕鲁胺对前列腺癌患者甲状腺功能的影响
  • DOI:
    10.1210/jendso/bvae105
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.1
  • 作者:
    Clare Moffatt;Melissa G. Lechner;Trevor E. Angell;John Shen;Alexandra Drakaki;Gonzalo J Acosta;Tom Z. Liang;K. Tsai
  • 通讯作者:
    K. Tsai
Using Smart Watch Sensing in At-Risk Populations (SARP) in a Sub-Acute Rehabilitation Center
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.apmr.2018.09.089
  • 发表时间:
    2018-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Zhuoer Xie;Ramin Ramezani;David Elashoff;Pamela Roberts;John Shen;Wenhao Zhang;Michelle Eslami;Arash Naeim
  • 通讯作者:
    Arash Naeim
EPH31 Prevalence of Hypertension Over (Calendar) Time Among People With Narcolepsy Treated With Oxybate
EPH31 羟基丁酸钠治疗发作性睡病患者中高血压的(日历)时间流行率
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jval.2025.04.562
  • 发表时间:
    2025-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    6.000
  • 作者:
    Sarah C. Markt;Jennifer Polinski;Marisa Whalen;John Kroner;Elizabeth M. Poole;John Shen;Jessica K. Alexander;Virend K. Somers
  • 通讯作者:
    Virend K. Somers
Series and Parallel Resonance Problem of Wideband Frequency Harmonic and Its Elimination Strategy
宽带频率谐波串并联谐振问题及其消除策略
Survey of ticks collected in Mississippi for Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Borrelia species.
对密西西比州收集的立克次体、埃利希体和疏螺旋体蜱进行的调查。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2003
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.7
  • 作者:
    J. Goddard;J. Sumner;W. Nicholson;C. Paddock;John Shen;J. Piesman
  • 通讯作者:
    J. Piesman

John Shen的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('John Shen', 18)}}的其他基金

CISE Educational Infrastructure: "Modern Processor Design: A New Computer Engineering Course"
CISE 教育基础设施:“现代处理器设计:一门新的计算机工程课程”
  • 批准号:
    9214908
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 24万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Architecture Synthesis and Retargetability for High- Performance Application-Specific Processors
高性能专用处理器的架构综合和可重定向性
  • 批准号:
    9007678
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Presidential Young Investigator Award: Parallel Computing Systems and VLSI Design And Test
总统青年研究员奖:并行计算系统和 VLSI 设计与测试
  • 批准号:
    8451501
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 24万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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