Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Chemical Constituents at Summit, Greenland: Interpretation of the GISP-2 Ice Core

该项目是对化学微量元素和物种从源区通过大气层向格陵兰冰盖迁移的调查的继续。 其目标是提供信息，解释已通过格陵兰冰盖计划（GISP- 2）钻探工作获得的长冰芯中的微量元素分布。 冰芯将提供20万年的详细记录。 该项目有三个具体目标：（1）确定化学成分到达钻井地点的源区和大气路径，包括在运输过程中空气质量特性的可能变化，（2）量化大气中的化学物质与冰盖中的化学物质之间的关系，（3）利用这些信息对深冰芯资料进行解释。 先前的实地工作已经收集了空气、气溶胶、降水和积雪的样本，将对这些样本进行各种阴离子和阳离子、微量元素、碳化合物和微量气体的分析。 本项目将着重于沉积机制。 第一个目标将通过测量空气和雪中化学物质的浓度来实现，然后将这一信息与其他调查人员的气象数据相结合。 主要阴离子和阳离子的浓度将在我们的实验室通过离子色谱法测定，而微量元素和其他物种的浓度将通过与其他小组的合作获得。 第二个目标是测量湿、干和雾的沉积，以及化学物质沉积后积雪发生的变化。 第三个目标将通过与GISP-2研究人员合作开发模型来解释影响现场空气和雪化学的过程来实现，这些研究人员正在积极使用核心数据。 其结果将是一个更好的解释冰芯数据，并减少不确定性所涉及的核心数据，以确定过去的大气条件。 ***

This project is the continuation of an investigation of the transport of chemical trace elements and species from source regions through the atmosphere to the Greenland ice sheet. Its goal is to provide information for the interpretation of the trace element distribution in the long ice core that has been obtained through the Greenland Ice Sheet Program (GISP- 2) drilling effort. The ice core will provide a detailed record spanning 200,000 years. The project has three specific objectives: (1) the identification of source regions and atmospheric pathways for the chemical constituents reaching the drill site, including the possible changes in air mass characteristics during transit, (2) the quantification of relationships between chemical species in the atmosphere and those in the ice sheet, and (3) the interpretation of the deep ice core data using this information. Prior field work has resulted in the collecting of samples of air, aerosol, precipitation, and deposited snow, which will be analyzed for various anions and cations, trace elements, carbon compounds, and trace gases. This project will emphasize the deposition mechanisms. The first objective will be achieved by measuring concentrations of chemical species in air and snow, and then combining this information with meteorological data of other investigators. Concentrations of major anions and cations will be determined by ion chromatography in our laboratories, while concentrations of trace elements and other species will be obtained by collaboration with other groups. The second objective involves measurement of wet, dry, and fog deposition, as well as changes that occur in the snow pack after deposition of chemical species. The third objective will be achieved by developing models to explain the processes influencing air and snow chemistry at the site in collaboration with GISP-2 researchers who are actively working with the core data. The results will be a better interpretation of the ice c ore data, and the reduction of uncertainties involved in using the core data to determine past atmospheric conditions. ***