U.S-Argentina Cooperative Research: Ozone-Related Impact of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on the Marine Food Chain in Argentine Coastal Waters

美国-阿根廷合作研究：太阳紫外线辐射对阿根廷沿海水域海洋食物链的臭氧相关影响

• 批准号: 9503643
• 负责人: Osmund Holm-Hansen
• 金额: $ 3.22万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9503643&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S; Argentina; Cooperative; Research; Ozone

9503643 Holm-Hansen This U.S.-Argentina Cooperative Science Program award supports travel expenses and some expendable research supplies related to the visits of Drs. O. Holm- Hansen, E. Helbling and V. Villafane, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA to Ushuaia, Argentina. The objective of the research is to determine the impact of the UVR on sub-Antarctic plankton and to gain some insight into the possible ecological impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on these organisms. The Argentine counterpart is Dr. L. Orce, CIB, CONICET, Argentina Seasonal ozone concentrations in the stratosphere over Antarctica have been progressively decreasing during September-November of each year for the past decade, with the result that the fluence of the shorter UV-B wavelengths (280-320 nm) is greatly enhanced. The biological impact of this increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been studied intensively in the Antarctic, but little work has been devoted to this problem at lower latitudes, such as the southern regions of South America. Although ozone depletion is greatest at very high latitudes, increased UVR may pose significant problems for plant and animal life in the southern regions of Argentina, due to the ozone hole actually extending over the South American continent, and also to the fact that low-ozone air flows from the Antarctic north over South America. The marine environment at Ushuaia represents a prime locality for studying the biological impact of increased UVR on the marine food chain leading up to harvestable marine resources. These cooperative UVR studies incorporate into one integrated field program the biochemical expertise provided by Dr. Orce and his colleagues in Argentina, with the oceanographic and experimental experience with UVR provided by the U.S. investigators. The studies are specifically designed to assess the effect of increased UVR on the viability and metabolism of marine phytoplankton, with emphasis being p laced on rates of primary production, which constitutes the base of the marine food web. The laboratory and field facilities for such studies are excellent at Ushuaia. An essential component of the work is the availability of recording UV- spectroradiometers and profiling spectroradiometers which can be lowered to a 100m depth, installed by Dr. Orce under an Interamerican Development Bank (IDB)-CONICET grant. ***

小行星9503643 这个美国-阿根廷合作科学计划奖支持与O博士访问有关的旅费和一些消耗性研究用品。霍尔姆-汉森，E. Helbling和V. Villafane，斯克里普斯海洋学研究所，加利福尼亚州拉霍亚至阿根廷乌斯怀亚。 这项研究的目的是确定紫外线辐射对亚南极浮游生物的影响，并深入了解增强的紫外线-B辐射对这些生物可能产生的生态影响。 阿根廷的对应方是L. Orce，CIB，CONICET，阿根廷 在过去十年中，每年的9月至11月期间，南极上空平流层中的臭氧浓度季节性地逐渐减少，结果，紫外线B较短波长（280-320纳米）的通量大大增强。 这种增加的紫外线辐射（UVR）的生物影响在南极得到了深入的研究，但在低纬度地区，如南美洲南部地区，几乎没有工作致力于这个问题。 虽然臭氧消耗在极高纬度地区最为严重，但紫外线辐射率的增加可能会对阿根廷南部地区的植物和动物造成严重问题，因为臭氧空洞实际上已延伸到南美洲大陆，而且低臭氧空气从南极洲北部流向南美洲。 乌斯怀亚的海洋环境是研究紫外线辐射率增加对海洋食物链产生的生物影响的主要地点，而这些食物链导致可收获的海洋资源。 这些UVR合作研究将Orce博士及其阿根廷同事提供的生物化学专业知识与美国研究人员提供的UVR海洋学和实验经验结合在一起。这些研究是专门设计来评估紫外线辐射增加对海洋浮游植物的生存能力和新陈代谢的影响，重点放在构成海洋食物网基础的初级生产率上。在乌斯怀亚进行这类研究的实验室和实地设施非常好。这项工作的一个重要组成部分是提供记录紫外线分光辐射计和剖面分光辐射计，这些分光辐射计可下降到100米深，由Orce博士在美洲开发银行-CONICET赠款下安装。 ***