U.S-Argentina Cooperative Research: Ozone-Related Impact of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on the Marine Food Chain in Argentine Coastal Waters

9503643霍尔姆-汉森这项美国-阿根廷合作科学计划奖资助与加利福尼亚州拉霍亚斯克里普斯海洋研究所的O.霍尔姆-汉森博士、E.Helering博士和V.Villafane博士访问阿根廷乌斯怀亚有关的旅费和一些消耗性研究用品。这项研究的目的是确定UVR对南极以下浮游生物的影响，并深入了解UV-B辐射增强对这些生物可能产生的生态影响。阿根廷的对应者是L.Orce博士，CIB，CONICET，阿根廷，阿根廷在过去的十年中，南极洲上空平流层的季节臭氧浓度在过去十年中每年的9-11月逐渐减少，结果是较短的UV-B波长(280-320 nm)的通量大大增加。这种增加的紫外线辐射(UVR)对生物的影响在南极得到了深入的研究，但在南美洲南部等较低纬度地区，对这一问题的研究工作很少。尽管臭氧消耗在高纬度地区最严重，但由于臭氧空洞实际上延伸到南美洲大陆，以及低臭氧空气从南极北部流经南美洲，增加的紫外线辐射可能会给阿根廷南部地区的动植物生命带来严重问题。乌斯怀亚的海洋环境是研究紫外线辐射增加对导致可捕捞海洋资源的海洋食物链的生物影响的最佳地点。这些合作的UVR研究将Orce博士和他在阿根廷的同事提供的生化专业知识以及美国研究人员提供的UVR的海洋学和实验经验整合到一个综合野外项目中。这些研究是专门为评估紫外线辐射增加对海洋浮游植物的活力和新陈代谢的影响而设计的，重点是初级生产量，这是海洋食物网的基础。这类研究的实验室和现场设施在乌斯怀亚是一流的。这项工作的一个重要组成部分是提供可降低到100米深度的记录UV光谱辐射计和剖面式光谱辐射计，由Orce博士根据美洲开发银行(IDB)-CONICET赠款安装。***

9503643 Holm-Hansen This U.S.-Argentina Cooperative Science Program award supports travel expenses and some expendable research supplies related to the visits of Drs. O. Holm- Hansen, E. Helbling and V. Villafane, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA to Ushuaia, Argentina. The objective of the research is to determine the impact of the UVR on sub-Antarctic plankton and to gain some insight into the possible ecological impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on these organisms. The Argentine counterpart is Dr. L. Orce, CIB, CONICET, Argentina Seasonal ozone concentrations in the stratosphere over Antarctica have been progressively decreasing during September-November of each year for the past decade, with the result that the fluence of the shorter UV-B wavelengths (280-320 nm) is greatly enhanced. The biological impact of this increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been studied intensively in the Antarctic, but little work has been devoted to this problem at lower latitudes, such as the southern regions of South America. Although ozone depletion is greatest at very high latitudes, increased UVR may pose significant problems for plant and animal life in the southern regions of Argentina, due to the ozone hole actually extending over the South American continent, and also to the fact that low-ozone air flows from the Antarctic north over South America. The marine environment at Ushuaia represents a prime locality for studying the biological impact of increased UVR on the marine food chain leading up to harvestable marine resources. These cooperative UVR studies incorporate into one integrated field program the biochemical expertise provided by Dr. Orce and his colleagues in Argentina, with the oceanographic and experimental experience with UVR provided by the U.S. investigators. The studies are specifically designed to assess the effect of increased UVR on the viability and metabolism of marine phytoplankton, with emphasis being p laced on rates of primary production, which constitutes the base of the marine food web. The laboratory and field facilities for such studies are excellent at Ushuaia. An essential component of the work is the availability of recording UV- spectroradiometers and profiling spectroradiometers which can be lowered to a 100m depth, installed by Dr. Orce under an Interamerican Development Bank (IDB)-CONICET grant. ***