IAI Workshop: The Impact of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on Aquatic and Terrestrial Resources in Patagonia, Argentina-Chile

IAI 研讨会：太阳紫外线辐射对阿根廷-智利巴塔哥尼亚水生和陆地资源的影响

• 批准号: 9530255
• 负责人: Osmund Holm-Hansen
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-06-15 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9530255&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IAI; Workshop; Impact; Solar; Ultraviolet

9530255 Holm-Hansen This Phase I proposal focuses on the potential biological impacts of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the southern regions of Argentina and Chile. During three workshops, this Phase I proposal has as its objective to work with research personnel in Argentina and Chile to develop a framework of cooperation between researchers from these countries and those from the United States in order to plan a research program that will be both scientifically productive and also meaningful to social interests in South America. It is recognized that a meaningful biological study of the UV impacts related to ozone depletion should involve expertise from many disciplines and backgrounds. In particular, it is important to involve expertise related to measurement of ozone and spectral UVR, experimental biologists with expertise in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, personnel who are knowledgeable regarding important regional resources that should be investigated in regard to UVR sensitivity, and modeling expertise to integrate the physical-biological data resulting from the field research. This proposal draws upon the scientific and environmental expertise from Argentina, Chile, and the United States to develop a dynamic research program that gives regional concerns a high priority. The research is organized in regions of Argentina and Chile because incident UVR will increase with decreasing latitude, but the maximum change in enhanced UV-B radiation will be at the higher latitudes. The consequences of such opposite trends in incident radiation with changes in latitude will thus impose very different radiation regimes in different regions of Argentina and Chile. The regions mentioned above are different in regard to the terrestrial and aquatic resources which are of importance to the local inhabitants and to the economy of the countries. %%% This Phase I proposal focuses on the potential biological impacts of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the southern regions of Argentina and Chile. During three workshops, this Phase I proposal has as its objective to work with research personnel in Argentina and Chile to develop a framework of cooperation between researchers from these countries and those from the United States in order to plan a research program that will be both scientifically productive and also meaningful to social interests in South America. This proposal focuses on the potential significance of increased UV-B radiation in those regions of South America where the impact will be of importance for social interests, which will include agricultural crops, alterations in aquatic primary production with resultant effects of harvestable aquatic resources, and other aspects of the terrestrial ecosystems which may be of importance to the economies of the region. Although Antarctic regions are experiencing the greatest change of solar regimes, the above social concerns are not very relevant to the Antarctic continent. The southern portion of South America, however, with its close proximity to the seasonal ozone hole and its many inhabitants and abundant terrestrial and aquatic resources, would appear to be the area of greatest potential harm by increasing depletion of stratospheric ozone. It is for this reason that this proposal is mainly concerned with the area of Patagonia, but research will also be conducted in tropical areas so as to compare subantarctic and temperate species with tropical species. As the research of this proposal will focus on components of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems which represent important economic resources, the findings will have direct relevance to regional and national interests and economies. The incorporation of student education and training and international cooperation will benefit both individuals and the institutional framework of science in various Member States of the IAI participating in this program. This proposal assembles a team of scientists from the following countries: Argentina, Chile, and the United States. These countries are Member States of the IAI, an initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the designated U.S. Government agency to carry our the Unites States responsibilities within the IAI. ***

小行星9530255 第一阶段的建议侧重于太阳紫外线辐射增加对阿根廷和智利南部地区陆地和水生生态系统的潜在生物影响。 在三个研讨会期间，第一阶段的提案的目标是与阿根廷和智利的研究人员合作，在这些国家的研究人员和美国的研究人员之间建立一个合作框架，以便规划一个既有科学成果又对南美洲社会利益有意义的研究方案。 人们认识到，对与臭氧消耗有关的紫外线影响进行有意义的生物学研究应涉及来自许多学科和背景的专门知识。 特别重要的是，吸收与臭氧和光谱紫外线辐射测量有关的专门知识、具有陆地和水生生态系统专门知识的实验生物学家、了解应就紫外线辐射敏感性进行调查的重要区域资源的人员以及综合实地研究产生的物理-生物数据的建模专门知识。 该提案借鉴了阿根廷、智利和美国的科学和环境专业知识，制定了一项动态研究计划，将区域问题置于高度优先地位。 这项研究是在阿根廷和智利的一些地区进行的，因为入射紫外线辐射将随着纬度的降低而增加，但增强的紫外线-B辐射的最大变化将出现在较高的纬度。 因此，入射辐射随纬度变化的这种相反趋势的后果将在阿根廷和智利的不同地区造成非常不同的辐射状况。 上述地区在陆地和水生资源方面各不相同，这些资源对当地居民和各国经济都很重要。 %%% 第一阶段的建议侧重于太阳紫外线辐射增加对阿根廷和智利南部地区陆地和水生生态系统的潜在生物影响。 在三个研讨会期间，第一阶段的提案的目标是与阿根廷和智利的研究人员合作，在这些国家的研究人员和美国的研究人员之间建立一个合作框架，以便规划一个既有科学成果又对南美洲社会利益有意义的研究方案。 本提案的重点是，在南美洲的一些区域，紫外线-B辐射增加的潜在影响，其影响将对社会利益产生重大影响，其中包括农作物、水生初级生产的改变及其对可收获的水生资源的影响，以及可能对该区域经济具有重要意义的陆地生态系统的其他方面。 虽然南极地区正在经历最大的太阳制度的变化，上述社会问题是不是很相关的南极大陆。 然而，南美洲南部地区由于靠近季节性臭氧洞，而且有许多居民和丰富的陆地和水生资源，因此似乎是平流层臭氧日益消耗的潜在危害最大的地区。 正是由于这个原因，这项建议主要涉及巴塔哥尼亚地区，但也将在热带地区进行研究，以便将亚热带和温带物种与热带物种进行比较。 由于本提案的研究将侧重于代表重要经济资源的陆地和水生生态系统的组成部分，研究结果将直接关系到区域和国家利益和经济。 学生教育和培训以及国际合作的结合将使参与该计划的IAI各成员国的个人和科学机构框架受益。 这项提议由来自以下国家的科学家组成：阿根廷、智利和美国。 这些国家都是国际影响研究所的成员国，该倡议旨在促进美洲科学机构之间就全球变化问题开展合作研究。 国家科学基金会是指定的美国政府机构，在IAI内履行我们的美国责任。 ***