IAI Workshop: The Impact of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on Aquatic and Terrestrial Resources in Patagonia, Argentina-Chile

这个第一阶段的建议侧重于太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）增加对阿根廷和智利南部地区陆地和水生生态系统的潜在生物影响。在三个研讨会期间，这个第一阶段的提案的目标是与阿根廷和智利的研究人员合作，在这些国家的研究人员和美国的研究人员之间建立一个合作框架，以便规划一个既具有科学成果又对南美洲的社会利益有意义的研究项目。人们认识到，对与臭氧消耗有关的紫外线影响进行有意义的生物学研究应涉及来自许多学科和背景的专门知识。特别是，重要的是要涉及与臭氧和光谱紫外线辐射测量有关的专业知识、具有陆地和水生生态系统专业知识的实验生物学家、对应该调查紫外线辐射敏感性的重要区域资源有知识的人员，以及整合实地研究产生的物理-生物数据的建模专业知识。这项提案利用了阿根廷、智利和美国的科学和环境专业知识，制定了一个充满活力的研究计划，高度重视该地区的关切。这项研究是在阿根廷和智利地区进行的，因为入射紫外线辐射将随着纬度的降低而增加，但增强紫外线辐射的最大变化将在高纬度地区。因此，入射辐射随纬度变化的这种相反趋势的后果将在阿根廷和智利的不同地区造成非常不同的辐射制度。上述各区域在陆地和水生资源方面是不同的，这些资源对当地居民和各国的经济都很重要。第一阶段提案的重点是太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）增加对阿根廷和智利南部地区陆地和水生生态系统的潜在生物影响。在三个研讨会期间，这个第一阶段的提案的目标是与阿根廷和智利的研究人员合作，在这些国家的研究人员和美国的研究人员之间建立一个合作框架，以便规划一个既具有科学成果又对南美洲的社会利益有意义的研究项目。这项建议的重点是UV-B辐射增加在南美洲区域的潜在意义，这些区域的影响将对社会利益具有重要意义，其中包括农业作物、水生初级生产的改变以及由此产生的可收获水生资源的影响，以及可能对该区域经济具有重要意义的陆地生态系统的其他方面。虽然南极地区正经历着最大的太阳变化，但上述社会问题与南极大陆并不是很相关。然而，南美洲的南部地区靠近季节性臭氧空洞，居民众多，陆地和水生资源丰富，平流层臭氧日益耗竭似乎是最可能受到危害的地区。正是由于这个原因，本提案主要关注巴塔哥尼亚地区，但也将在热带地区进行研究，以便将亚南极和温带物种与热带物种进行比较。由于本提案的研究将集中在代表重要经济资源的陆地和水生生态系统的组成部分，因此研究结果将与区域和国家利益和经济直接相关。学生教育和培训与国际合作的结合将有利于参与该计划的IAI各成员国的个人和科学体制框架。这项提议汇集了来自以下国家的科学家团队：阿根廷、智利和美国。这些国家是美洲科学研究所的会员国，这是一项促进美洲各科学机构就全球变化问题进行合作研究的倡议。美国国家科学基金会是美国政府指定的机构，在IAI中承担美国的责任。＊＊＊

9530255 Holm-Hansen This Phase I proposal focuses on the potential biological impacts of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the southern regions of Argentina and Chile. During three workshops, this Phase I proposal has as its objective to work with research personnel in Argentina and Chile to develop a framework of cooperation between researchers from these countries and those from the United States in order to plan a research program that will be both scientifically productive and also meaningful to social interests in South America. It is recognized that a meaningful biological study of the UV impacts related to ozone depletion should involve expertise from many disciplines and backgrounds. In particular, it is important to involve expertise related to measurement of ozone and spectral UVR, experimental biologists with expertise in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, personnel who are knowledgeable regarding important regional resources that should be investigated in regard to UVR sensitivity, and modeling expertise to integrate the physical-biological data resulting from the field research. This proposal draws upon the scientific and environmental expertise from Argentina, Chile, and the United States to develop a dynamic research program that gives regional concerns a high priority. The research is organized in regions of Argentina and Chile because incident UVR will increase with decreasing latitude, but the maximum change in enhanced UV-B radiation will be at the higher latitudes. The consequences of such opposite trends in incident radiation with changes in latitude will thus impose very different radiation regimes in different regions of Argentina and Chile. The regions mentioned above are different in regard to the terrestrial and aquatic resources which are of importance to the local inhabitants and to the economy of the countries. %%% This Phase I proposal focuses on the potential biological impacts of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the southern regions of Argentina and Chile. During three workshops, this Phase I proposal has as its objective to work with research personnel in Argentina and Chile to develop a framework of cooperation between researchers from these countries and those from the United States in order to plan a research program that will be both scientifically productive and also meaningful to social interests in South America. This proposal focuses on the potential significance of increased UV-B radiation in those regions of South America where the impact will be of importance for social interests, which will include agricultural crops, alterations in aquatic primary production with resultant effects of harvestable aquatic resources, and other aspects of the terrestrial ecosystems which may be of importance to the economies of the region. Although Antarctic regions are experiencing the greatest change of solar regimes, the above social concerns are not very relevant to the Antarctic continent. The southern portion of South America, however, with its close proximity to the seasonal ozone hole and its many inhabitants and abundant terrestrial and aquatic resources, would appear to be the area of greatest potential harm by increasing depletion of stratospheric ozone. It is for this reason that this proposal is mainly concerned with the area of Patagonia, but research will also be conducted in tropical areas so as to compare subantarctic and temperate species with tropical species. As the research of this proposal will focus on components of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems which represent important economic resources, the findings will have direct relevance to regional and national interests and economies. The incorporation of student education and training and international cooperation will benefit both individuals and the institutional framework of science in various Member States of the IAI participating in this program. This proposal assembles a team of scientists from the following countries: Argentina, Chile, and the United States. These countries are Member States of the IAI, an initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the designated U.S. Government agency to carry our the Unites States responsibilities within the IAI. ***