Hohokam Ceramics and Social Organization During the Sedentary Period

霍霍卡姆陶瓷与定居时期的社会组织

• 批准号: 9515289
• 负责人: David Abbott
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-01-15 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9515289&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hohokam; Ceramics; Social; Organization; During

With National Science Foundation support Dr. David Abbott will conduct an analysis of ceramics collected from Hohokam sites located in Arizona's Phoenix Basin. He will focus on the early Sedentary period of Hohokam development and analyze potsherds carefully excavated from a number of sites. The geological region in which these are located is extremely diverse and the composition of sands and clays which potters employed varied significantly from subarea to subarea. Abbott's prior work has demonstrated that it is possible to examine sherd matrix and determine the source of the raw material. Through such microscopic and electron probe analysis he will determine the points of origin for thousands of sampled sherds. On this basis it is then possible to reconstruct sedentary period ceramic exchange systems and thus gain insight into social organization. Hohocam peoples were agriculturists who lived in a harsh semi-arid environment and who depended on large and complex irrigation systems to produce crops. Dr. Abbott has completed a similar analysis of ceramic exchange during the following Classic period and the results indicated that exchange occurred primarily within individual irrigation subsystems. This indicates that social organization and the control and management of irrigation were tied closely together. The Sedentary period work will shed light on how this system developed. Although canals were present during the Sedentary period, preliminary results indicate that exchange may not have followed the Classic pattern and were not closely tied to irrigation canals. It correct, this conclusion would contradict widely held archaeological assumptions. Archaeologists wish to understand how complex societies arose. This process often occurred in semi-arid environments and researchers have postulated that the need to develop and maintain irrigation systems played a central role. Dr. Abbott's research speaks directly to this question. It also sheds light on how people at a simple level of technology were able to subsist in harsh environmental conditions. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and shed new light on America's past.

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，大卫博士将对从亚利桑那州凤凰城盆地的霍霍坎遗址收集的陶瓷进行分析。他将专注于霍霍坎发展的早期定居时期，并分析从一些遗址仔细挖掘出的陶片。这些陶工所处的地质区域极其多样化，陶工所用的沙子和粘土的成分在不同的分区之间有很大的差异。Abbott之前的工作已经证明，可以检查碎片基质并确定原材料的来源。通过这种显微镜和电子探针分析，他将确定数千个样品碎片的起源点。在此基础上，重建定居时期的陶瓷交换系统，从而深入了解社会组织是可能的。 Hohocam人是农业家，他们生活在恶劣的半干旱环境中，依靠大型复杂的灌溉系统生产作物。Abbott博士在随后的经典期内完成了一项类似的陶瓷交换分析，结果表明交换主要发生在单个灌注子系统内。这表明社会组织与灌溉的控制和管理是紧密联系在一起的。久坐期间的工作将阐明这个系统是如何发展的。虽然运河存在于定居时期，但初步结果表明，交换可能没有遵循经典模式，也没有与灌溉运河密切相关。 如果是正确的，这个结论将与广泛持有的考古学假设相矛盾。 考古学家希望了解复杂的社会是如何产生的。这一过程往往发生在半干旱环境中，研究人员认为，发展和维护灌溉系统的需要发挥了核心作用。艾伯特博士的研究直接回答了这个问题。它还揭示了处于简单技术水平的人们如何能够在恶劣的环境条件下生存。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据，并为美国的过去提供新的线索。