Collaborative Research: Late Cretaceous Vertebrates of Madagascar--Implications for the Plate Tectonic and Biogeographic History of Gondwana
合作研究:马达加斯加晚白垩世脊椎动物——对冈瓦纳板块构造和生物地理学历史的启示
基本信息
- 批准号:9523567
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1995
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1995-07-01 至 1997-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Hartman 9523567 The goal of the current proposal is to substantially increase knowledge of the Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of Madagascar, which is currently very poorly known. With the discovery and analysis of additional and more complete vertebrate fossils from the Mahajanga Basin of northwestern Madagascar, it will be possible to address three critical (but not mutually exclusive) hypotheses relating to the physical and biotic connections of the component parts of eastern Gondwana during the Late Cretaceous and the biogeographic origins of the extant vertebrate fauna of Madagascar: HYPOTHESIS I: Madagascar, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, owing to their physical proximity, shared vertebrate faunas in the Late Cretaceous that were very similar, in some cases at the species level. Many of the vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar are thought to be closely related to or, in some cases, conspecific with those of Africa and India. Correspondingly, there is general agreement among geophysicists that the Indian subcontinent was close or adjacent to the eastern margin of Madagascar at this time. Despite apparent similarities in the Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas of Madagascar, Africa, and India, detailed comparisons have been difficult due to inadequate material. More complete material of vertebrate fossils from Madagascar (as well as India and Africa) are needed for such comparisons to be made. HYPOTHESIS II: The Indian subcontinent was faunally isolated from Madagascar (and Africa) in the later stages of the Late Cretaceous and, in the latest Cretaceous, contained elements from Laurasis (as a result of collision with Eurasia) that were not shared with Madagascar (or Africa). Some of the evidence used in support of the recent and controversial hypothesis that the Indian subcontinent had already collided with Eurasia by the latest Cretaceous is paleontological. The presence of purportedly Laurasian groups in the Maastrichtian of India indicated that a te rrestrial route between the Indian subcontinent and Eurasia may have existed by this time. However, the material used to support this conclusion consists of isolated, fragmentary, and rare specimens with questionable identifications. Preliminary identifications of some specimens form the Mahajanga Basin indicate that at least some of the "Laurasian" taxa found in the Late Cretaceous of India also occurred in Madagascar. If these identifications are confirmed, it is more likely that these "Laurasian" elements entered the Indian subcontinent by way of Africa and Madagascar, rather than from Eurasia. HYPOTHESIS III: Some vertebrate higher taxa that comprise the extant fauna of Madagascar (e.g., Lemuriformes, Tenrecidae, Cordylidae) colonized the island prior to the beginning of the Cenozoic. The biogeographic origins of the extant, highly endemic and imbalanced vertebrate fauna of Madagascar are unknown and have been the subject of speculative debate for many decades. This is largely the result of the virtual absence of nonmarine, pre-Holocene Cenozoic strata on the island. As a result, the best opportunity to shed light on this major problem is to discover vertebrate fossils in the richly fossiliferous Upper Cretaceous nonmarine strata of the Mahajanga Basin. Much of the significance of this project lies in discovering and understanding more about the vertebrates that lived in Madagascar during the Late Cretaceous. Fossil collections obtained through the proposed two field seasons will far exceed all previous efforts (combined) and will provide a reasonable estimate of the diversity of vertebrates in the "Maevarano" and "Marovoay" formations. In the process of accumulating and analyzing data to test the hypotheses above, we expect to: 1) contribute substantially to knowledge of the diversity, anatomy, and phylogenetic relationships of the Late Cretaceous vertebrates of Madagascar; and 2) better constrain the lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the fossiliferous beds (and to d efine formally the "Maravoay", "Maaevarano", and "Berivotra" formations).
哈特曼9523567 目前建议的目标是大幅增加对马达加斯加晚白垩世脊椎动物群的了解,目前对马达加斯加晚白垩世脊椎动物群的了解非常少。 随着对马达加斯加西北部马哈赞加盆地更多更完整的脊椎动物化石的发现和分析,将有可能解决三个关键(但不相互排斥)的假设,这些假设与晚白垩世冈瓦纳东部组成部分的物理和生物联系以及马达加斯加现存脊椎动物群的地理起源有关: 假设一:马达加斯加、非洲和印度次大陆,由于地理位置接近,在晚白垩世共享了非常相似的脊椎动物群,在某些情况下在物种水平上。 马达加斯加晚白垩世的许多脊椎动物被认为与非洲和印度的脊椎动物密切相关,或者在某些情况下与非洲和印度的脊椎动物同种。 相应地,马达加斯加学者普遍认为,印度次大陆在这个时候接近或邻近马达加斯加的东缘。 尽管马达加斯加、非洲和印度的晚白垩世脊椎动物区系有明显的相似之处,但由于材料不足,很难进行详细的比较。 要进行这样的比较,需要马达加斯加(以及印度和非洲)更完整的脊椎动物化石材料。 假设二:在晚白垩世晚期,印度次大陆的动物群与马达加斯加(和非洲)隔离,在白垩纪晚期,包含了来自劳拉西斯的元素(由于与欧亚大陆的碰撞),而这些元素与马达加斯加(或非洲)不共享。 最近有一个有争议的假说认为,印度次大陆在白垩纪晚期已经与欧亚大陆发生了碰撞,其中一些证据是古生物学证据。 在印度的马斯特里赫特人中发现了据称是劳亚语系的动物群,这表明印度次大陆和欧亚大陆之间的陆地通道可能已经存在。 然而,用于支持这一结论的材料包括孤立的,零碎的,罕见的标本与可疑的身份。 从马哈赞加盆地的一些标本的初步鉴定表明,至少有一些在印度晚白垩世发现的“劳亚”分类群也出现在马达加斯加。 如果这些鉴定得到证实,这些“劳亚”元素更有可能是通过非洲和马达加斯加进入印度次大陆的,而不是从欧亚大陆。 假设三:马达加斯加现存动物群中的一些高等脊椎动物分类群(例如,狐猴形目、Tenrecidae、Cordylidae)在新生代开始之前就在岛上定居。 马达加斯加现存的高度地方性和不平衡的脊椎动物区系的地理起源是未知的,几十年来一直是推测性辩论的主题。 这在很大程度上是由于岛上几乎没有非海相的、全新世前的新生代地层。 因此,阐明这一重大问题的最佳机会是在马哈赞加盆地富含藻类的上白垩纪非海相地层中发现脊椎动物化石。 这个项目的重要性在于发现和了解更多关于晚白垩世生活在马达加斯加的脊椎动物。 通过拟议的两个野外季节获得的化石收集量将远远超过以前的所有努力(合并),并将提供对“Maevarano”和“Marovoay”地层中脊椎动物多样性的合理估计。 在积累和分析数据以检验上述假设的过程中,我们期望:1)对马达加斯加晚白垩世脊椎动物的多样性、解剖学和系统发育关系的认识做出实质性贡献; 2)更好地限制含矿地层的岩石地层学和生物地层学(并正式确定“Maravoay”、“Maaevarano”和“Berivotra”地层)。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
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Joseph Hartman其他文献
Joseph Hartman的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Joseph Hartman', 18)}}的其他基金
Workshop for Evaluating Part-Time Doctoral Study for Growing the Underrepresented Student Population
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0813671 - 财政年份:2007
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$ 2万 - 项目类别:
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Equipment Replacement Under Continuous and Discontinuous Technological Change
连续和间断技术变革下的设备更新换代
- 批准号:
0600601 - 财政年份:2006
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$ 2万 - 项目类别:
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Integrating the Engineering Curriculum: Careers and Concentrations, Toolboxes and Technology
整合工程课程:职业和专业、工具箱和技术
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0530620 - 财政年份:2005
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Red River Geoscience Education Pilot Project
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0085583 - 财政年份:2000
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CAREER: Large-Scale Parallel Replacement Analysis
职业:大规模并行替换分析
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9984891 - 财政年份:2000
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Impact of Asset Utilization on Replacement Decisions
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- 批准号:
9713690 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Madagascar: Implications for Gondwanan Biogeography
合作研究:马达加斯加白垩纪晚期脊椎动物:对冈瓦纳生物地理学的影响
- 批准号:
9705637 - 财政年份:1997
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$ 2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Biochronology and Evolution of Latest Cretaceous and Paleocene Nonmarine Mollusca of the Northern Great Plains
北部大平原晚白垩纪和古新世非海洋软体动物的生物年代学和演化
- 批准号:
9018643 - 财政年份:1991
- 资助金额:
$ 2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Biochronology and Evolution of Early and Middle Paleocene Nonmarine Mollusca of the Northern Great Plains
北部大平原早、中古新世非海洋软体动物的生物年代学和演化
- 批准号:
8804881 - 财政年份:1988
- 资助金额:
$ 2万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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