U.S.-Polish Collaborative Research on Electroanalytical Chemistry in the Absence of a Bulk Solution Phase

9529589考克斯 这个美国-波兰合作研究奖将研究“在无本体溶液相的电分析化学”。“主要研究人员是詹姆斯·A·俄亥俄州迈阿密大学的考克斯和华沙大学的帕维尔·J·库莱萨博士。 该计划的总体目标是表征某些离子导电固体在没有接触溶液相的情况下作为电化学研究介质的能力。 特别感兴趣的是建立这样的条件，其中可以在使用这些电解质的电池中在电极反应的速率和机制不受气相中的伴随物影响的条件下进行气相组分的电解。 在这项研究中感兴趣的组件通常是电化学沉默在传统的，裸露的电极，所以在这些固体的环境中的催化的调查是该计划的一个必要部分。 研究人员将研究两种常用的固体电解质材料，即通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的玻璃状物质和多金属氧酸盐粉末。 前者将是具有已知或预测的离子导电性的干凝胶，例如聚合的钒、钌和铱氧化物。 催化剂将是电极上的表面层的形式，所述电极上涂覆有干凝胶的膜或具有这些膜的分散体。 此外，将探讨通过电化学产生金属中心的较低氧化物将选定的干凝胶转化为氧化还原介体。 Keggin型杂多-12-钨酸盐将包括所研究的主要聚氧乙烯酸盐。 将根据混合价体系的形成选择试验体系。 电子自交换的动力学将与有效传输系数一起沿着确定。 一旦表征，聚氧乙烯酸盐将被封装在干凝胶中。 在此，目的是在允许所选择的氧化还原反应进行而不受周围气氛的其它组分（包括水）干扰的环境中利用前者的催化活性。 这些研究将使用传统的电化学仪器进行，包括伏安法和交流。阻抗法 这项研究的结果将指导安培传感器的开发，用于检测空气中的有害成分和具有有限蒸汽压的目标固体或液体的存在。 此外，这些电化学系统预计适合于净化小环境的大气。 其他可能的应用包括设计能量存储设备和微型电子元件，如双层开关。 这项化学研究实现了汇集美国和波兰领先专家的计划目标，在平等，互惠和互利的基础上，在强烈的共同利益和能力领域联合收割机结合互补的努力和能力。

9529589 Cox This U.S.-Polish Cooperative Research award will study "Electroanalytical Chemistry in the Absence of a Bulk Solution Phase." The principal researchers are Dr. James A. Cox of Miami University, Ohio, and Dr. Pawel J. Kulesza of the University of Warsaw. The general goal of this program is to characterize certain ionically-conducting solids in terms of their ability to serve as media for electrochemical studies in the absence of a contacting solution phase. Of particular interest would be to establish conditions where electrolyses of gas-phase components can be performed at cells using these electrolytes under conditions where the rates and mechanisms of the electrode reaction are not influenced by concomitants in the gas phase. The components of interest in this study are generally electrochemically silent at conventional, bare electrodes, so the investigation of catalysis in the environment of these solids is a required part of this program. The researchers will investigate two general materials as solid electrolytes, glassy substances prepared by sol-gel processes and polyoxometallate powders. The former will be xerogels with known or predicted ionic conductivity such as polymeric vanadium, ruthenium, and iridium oxides. The catalysts will be in the form of surface layers on electrodes coated with films of the xerogels or dispersions with these films. In addition, conversion of selected xerogels into redox mediators by electrochemically generating lower oxides of the metal centers will be explored. Keggin-type heteropoly-12-tungstates will comprise the primary polyoxometallates investigated. The test systems will be selected on the basis of formation of mixed-valent systems. The kinetics of electron self-exchange will be determined along with the effective transport coefficient. Once characterized, the polyoxometallates will be encapsulated in xerogels. Here, the objective is to exploit the catalytic activity of the former in an envi ronment that permits the selected redox reaction to proceed without interference from other components, including water, of the surrounding atmosphere. The studies will be performed with conventional electrochemical instrumentation, including voltammetric and a.c. impedance methodology. The results of this investigation will guide the development of amperometric sensors for hazardous components in air and for the presence of targeted solids or liquids with finite vapor pressures. In addition, these electrochemical systems are projected to be suited to purifying the atmosphere of small environments. Other possible applications include the design of energy-storage devices and microscale electronic components such as bilayer switches. This research in chemistry fulfills the program objectives of bringing together leading experts in the U.S. and Poland to combine complementary efforts and capabilities in areas of strong mutual interest and competence on the basis of equality, reciprocity, and mutuality of benefit.