the danger of re-introduction of invasive plants: A novel experimental test with two species from their introduced and native range

入侵植物对当地社区产生重大影响。解释入侵悖论的理论是基于对生物相互作用的快速微进化变化。竞争能力增强进化假说（EICA）预测，植物进化为上级竞争者，在其新的范围内，由于从草食动物释放。在这里，我们制定了一个创新的预测EICA的基础上：当重新引入入侵生态型回到他们的原生范围，他们应该表现出入侵行为。通过测试这一预测，我们解决了几个以前被忽视的方面EICA假设在一个综合的方式。我们提出了一个创新的实验组合，测试是否在新的范围内的生态型是受食草动物的影响较小，并有一个更大的竞争力比他们的本地祖先的影响。如果是这样的话，它们在被重新引入它们的本土范围时会构成威胁，正如最近的跨大陆研究所做的那样。我们解决这个问题的实验两种植物的入侵模式：千屈菜柳（本地：欧洲;入侵：美国），和凤仙花glandulifera（本地：印度;入侵：欧洲）。我们的研究将有助于预测入侵性，并显着进一步加深我们对自然植物群落结构的基本过程的理解，它增加了一个重要的创新，保护生态学的理论和实践。

Invasive plants exert significant impacts on native communities. Theories explaining the invasion paradox are based on rapid microevolutionary change in response to biotic interactions. The Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis predicts that plants evolved into superior competitors in their new range due to release from herbivores. Here, we formulate an innovative prediction based on the EICA: when reintroducing invasive ecotypes back into their native range they should exhibit an invasive behaviour. By testing this prediction, we address several previously neglected aspects of the EICA hypothesis in an integrative manner. We propose an innovative combination of experiments testing whether ecotypes in the new range are less affected by herbivores and have a larger competitive effect than their native progenitors. If so, they pose a threat when reintroduced into their native range, as done in recent crosscontinental studies. We address this question with experiments for two plant species of contrasting invasion pattern: Lythrum salicaria (native: Europe; invasive: US), and Impatiens glandulifera (native: India; invasive: Europe). Our study will help predicting invasibility and significantly further our understanding of fundamental processes structuring natural plant communities, and it adds an important innovation to theory and practice of conservation ecology.