Two-Stage Fermentation of Whey Permeate for Biodegradable Deicer Production

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9613273 Mathews Biomass wastes such as liquid whey effluents from the dairy industry are a burden on the environment due to their high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Treatment of these wastes to meet environmental standards is both capital and energy intensive. This proposal examines the use of whey permeate in the production of a road deicer substitute for sodium chloride, since currently used deicers cause extensive corrosion-related damage to the highway infrastructure and environmental damage to water supplies and soils. The proposed research will examine the use of biomass wastes in the production of substitute deicers, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) and calcium magnesium propionate (CMP), via a two-stage bacterial fermentation process. In addition, a mathematical model will be to describe continuous cell- recycle fermentation in coculture systems. Growth kinetics studies will be conducted using the bacteria Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Lactobacillus plantarum in monoculture and coculture systems. The effect of substrate concentration, pH and other parameters on growth and organic acid productivity will be determined. A synergistic growth kinetics model that includes substrate and product inhibition kinetics will be developed, and kinetic constants will be obtained from the data. Continuous flow cell-recycle fermentation studies will be conducted for coculture and two-stage fermentation systems to determine acid productivity and product concentrations. A model will be developed to describe continuous flow cell- recycle fermentation for single and coculture systems, and the model will be verified with the experimental data. This research will develop data and basic knowledge required in the design of an innovative fermentation system for the conversion of whey effluents to useful chemicals. The methodology and approach developed can be utilized in processes to convert a variety of inexpensive sugar substrates and biomass hydrolysat es into low-cost biodegradable deicers.