Collaborative Research: Climate-Fire-Ecosystem Linkages On Decadal-to-Centennial Time Scales in the Northern Rockies

合作研究：北落基山脉十年至百年时间尺度上的气候-火灾-生态系统联系

• 批准号: 9615961
• 负责人: Cathy Whitlock
• 金额: $ 17.47万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-08-15 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615961&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Climate; Fire; Ecosystem

SBR-9715961 Whitlock University of Oregon This three-year, collaborative, multi-disciplinary research project reconstructs the fire, vegetation, and climate history of the sub-alpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area in northern Idaho and western Montana over 2,000 years. Its purpose is to examine the linkages among climate, fire regimes, and vegetation composition at different temporal and spatial scales. The variation in and interaction of climate, fire, and vegetation shape the landscape. The processes of interaction vary according to the temporal and spatial scale of analysis. At century-to-millennial temporal scales and at landscape-to-regional spatial scales, large changes in climate determine fire regime and vegetation composition. The linkages between fire and vegetation at these gross scales is less clear. At annual-to-decadal temporal scales and at the watershed spatial scale, fire frequency, size, and severity are determined by climate/weather, vegetation, and ignition frequency. In these finer scales, the linkages between fire and vegetation are fairly well developed: vegetation determines fuel availability, and fires create a landscape pattern that shapes vegetation recovery. Investigators will derive information on the frequency of past fires from charcoal and pollen data in lake sediments, tree-ring records, and tree-stand age information. They will calibrate the lake-sediment and tree-ring records against historical fire maps, to estimate the spatial extent of fires. The data will be compiled at the watershed, landscape, and regional scales. They will develop climate reconstructions from Pinus albicaulis and Larix lyalli tree-ring-width chronologies for the last 300+ years in each watershed. These reconstructions should yield an understanding of fire chronology and synoptic climatic conditions giving rise to prehistoric fires. In the western United States, whether late-twentieth-century fire regimes reflect a shift in climate, a product of human activity, or current management practices is a topic of scientific and public-policy debate. This research should provide data on fire history, vegetation, and climate, and move toward understanding the temporally and spatially specific processes of interaction among these elements.

SBR-9715961俄勒冈州惠特洛克大学这三年，合作，多学科研究项目重建了2,000年的Idaho和Western Montana的Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness森林的火灾，植被和气候历史。 它的目的是检查不同时间和空间尺度的气候，消防方案和植被组成之间的联系。 气候，火和植被的相互作用的变化和植被的相互作用塑造了景观。 相互作用的过程因分析的时间和空间规模而有所不同。 在世纪至千年的时间尺度和景观到区域空间尺度上，气候的巨大变化决定了火灾制度和植被组成。 在这些总尺度上的火与植被之间的联系还不太清楚。 在年度至十年的时间尺度上，在流域的空间尺度上，火灾/天气，植被和点火频率确定了火灾频率，大小和严重性。 在这些更细的尺度上，火与植被之间的联系相当发达：植被决定燃料的可用性，火灾产生了塑造植被恢复的景观模式。 调查人员将获取有关湖泊沉积物，树木环记录和树木固定年龄信息的木炭和花粉数据频率的信息。 他们将针对历史射击图校准湖泊补习和树圈记录，以估计火灾的空间范围。 数据将在流域，景观和区域尺度上编译。 他们将在过去300多年的每个流域中从Pinus albicaulis和Larix Lyalli树环宽度的年代生成气候重建。 这些重建应对火灾年表和概要气候条件产生史前大火的了解。 在美国西部，二十世纪末的火灾制度是否反映了气候的转变，人类活动的产物或当前的管理实践是科学和公共政策辩论的话题。 这项研究应提供有关火灾历史，植被和气候的数据，并朝着了解这些元素之间的时间和空间特定的相互作用过程。