Development of Nanoscale Strain Mapping Instrumentation

9625887嘉吉这一奖项是为了表彰用于晶体固体定量应变测量的仪器的开发，目标是横向空间分辨率为10 nm，应变灵敏度为10-4，并具有在此分辨率下的同时成分和微结构映射能力。该仪器将使X射线衍射达到通常与扫描或透射电子显微镜相关的空间分辨率范围。纳米级的X射线衍射将使用白光同步辐射，由锥形玻璃毛细管准直和浓缩。单颗粒的劳厄衍射图将用基于电荷耦合器件的面积探测器进行检测。单个颗粒内的应变将通过使用Si(Li)探测器的晶格参数测量来确定，同时要仔细注意相关电子的稳定性，并对探测器输出中的能量峰进行最佳拟合，以确定X射线光子能量。%该仪器提供的功能对于理解纳米级材料的性能至关重要。要了解量子阱结构的光学性质、纳米机器的机械性质以及纳米复合材料的强度和韧性，就需要在纳米尺度上对应变进行定量测量。

9625887 Cargill This award is for the development of instrumentation for quantitative strain measurements in crystalline solids with the goal of 10nm lateral spatial resolution and 10-4 strain sensitivity, with concurrent composition and microstructure mapping capabilities at this resolution. This instrument will advance x-ray diffraction to the range of spatial resolution usually associated with scanning or transmission electron microscopy. Nanoscale x-ray diffraction will employ white beam synchrotron radiation collimated and concentrated by a tapered glass capillary. Laue diffraction patterns from single grains will be examined with a CCD-based area detector. Strains within single grains will be determined from lattice parameter measurements using an Si(Li) detector, with careful attention to stability of associated electronics and to optimally fitting energy peaks in the detector output to determine x-ray photon energies. %%% The capabilities to be provided by this instrument are critically important in understanding the properties of nanofarbricated materials. Understanding the optical properties of quantum well-based structures, the mechanical properties of nanomachines, and the strength and toughness of nanocomposites require quantitative measurements of strain on the nanometer scale.