The Interactions of Intracardiac Shunting and Metabolic States

9630807个乡下人与鸟类和哺乳动物的心脏完全分开不同，非鳄鱼类爬行动物(海龟、蛇和蜥蜴)的心脏由一个脑室组成。这种解剖结构导致心脏内富氧和贫氧血液的混合(心脏分流)。在历史上，这被认为是一个中间的进化步骤，被认为低于鸟类和哺乳动物的循环。这种看法在本世纪后半叶发生了变化，当时研究表明，心脏分流的数量可能是受调节的，心脏分流可能为爬行动物提供几个独特的生理优势。然而，这种爬行动物循环的概念是基于对特定类型的行为或生理状态的相对较少的观察，例如在呼吸期间。利用微型血流测量设备和计算机辅助数据采集系统的技术进步，这项研究将测量各种生理状态，包括陆地运动、游泳、消化和休息期间。这项研究为确定爬行动物在各种行为和生理挑战期间的心脏分流模式提供了一个前所未有的机会，并将在理解它们独特的心血管“设计”方面取得重大进展。

9630807 Hicks In contrast to the completely divided heart of birds and mammals, the heart of non-crocodilian reptiles (turtles, snakes and lizards) is made up of a single ventricle. This anatomical arrangement results in the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood within the heart (cardiac shunting). Historically, this was viewed as an intermediate evolutionary step that was thought to be inferior compared to the circulation of birds and mammals. This perception changed in the later half of this century when studies showed that the amount of cardiac shunting is probably regulated and that cardiac shunts may provide several unique physiological advantages to reptiles. However, this notion of the reptilian circulation is based on a relatively small number of observations during specific types of behaviors or physiological states, for example during breathing. Utilizing technological advances in miniature blood flow measuring devices and computer assisted data collection systems, this research will measure a variety of physiological states including terrestrial locomotion, swimming, digestion and during periods of rest. This research provides an unprecedented opportunity to determine cardiac shunting patterns in reptiles during a variety of behaviors and physiological challenges and will make significant advancement towards understanding their unique cardiovascular "design".