Nanogenerator-Driven Self-Sustainable Power Source for Intracardiac Pacemakers

项目概要： 起搏器的革命性进步包括小型化和无引线设计以及心内起搏器。 置入然而，笨重和刚性的电池对软电池的进一步发展造成了最大的障碍。 可以附着并贴合组织和肌肉表面而不引起不希望的生理学变化的系统 变化为了应对这一严峻挑战，该项目提出开发一种自我维持的电源 （SSPS），用于使用猪模型的心内起搏器。SSPS集成了可伸缩的频率调谐 植入式纳米发电机（i-NG）具有小型化超级电容器和调节电子器件，其可以 通过从心跳中获取能量自动持续地为起搏器供电。 该项目由Wang博士（PI）领导，Hacker博士和Liu博士担任共同I，心脏外科医生大崎博士担任 合作者，用于开发灵活的i-NG，以从生物力学来源获取能量。之前的工作 Wang和Hacker已经证实了i-NG的长期稳定性及其对正常心脏功能的影响可以忽略不计 猪的心脏被缝合Wang还开发了一种灵活的微光栅i-NG，能够将慢速 器官运动转换为有效电容器充电所需的连续交流（AC）电。基础上 这些支持性的初步结果，该项目的重点是设计和验证一个SSPS专门用于动力 心脏内起搏器通过收集心跳的能量。在具体目标1中，我们将开发一个可扩展的SSPS 它将灵活的i-NG与商用超级电容器和调节电子设备集成在一起。膜i-NG可以 将心跳转换为连续的高频交流电，其输出电压适合于高效地 给超级电容器充电在特定目标2中，我们将研究SSPS离体的生物相容性和血液相容性 并在模拟的心内环境中测试SSPS装置。在具体目标3中，我们将描述电气特性 右心室心外膜表面上不同位置和方向的体内心外膜SSPS输出 (RV)猪心将随时间监测心脏功能，以确保SSPS植入不会改变心脏 功能为商业起搏器供电的能力也将在体内进行测试。在第四章中，我们将研究 将SSPS植入手术切除并跳动的猪心的RV游离内壁， Langendroff装置，用于体外测试心内手术。 这项拟议的研究将开发一种新型的心内能量采集器， 来自心跳的生物力学能量。这项研究的成功将建立必要的技术框架， 迅速转向体内心内植入和测试SSPS，为心内起搏器供电。这 心内能量收集技术将提供一种前所未有的工程解决方案， 通过改变灵活性、减小尺寸、改善 安全性高，省去了电池组件。

Project Summary: Revolutionary advancements in pacemakers include a miniaturized and leadless design and intracardiac implantation. However, the bulky and rigid battery creates the largest hurdle towards further development of a soft system that can be attached and conform to tissue and muscle surfaces without causing unwanted physiologic changes. To address this critical challenge, this project proposes to develop a self-sustainable power source (SSPS) for intracardiac pacemakers using swine models. The SSPS integrates a stretchable, frequency-tuning implantable nanogenerator (i-NG) with a miniaturized supercapacitor and regulating electronics, which can automatically and consistently power a pacemaker by harvesting energy from heartbeats. This project is led by Dr. Wang (PI), with Drs. Hacker and Liu as the co-Is and a cardiac surgeon Dr. Osaki as collaborator, for the development of a flexible i-NG to harvest energy from biomechanical sources. Previous work from Wang and Hacker has confirmed the long-term stability of i-NGs and their negligible impacts on normal heart functions when sutured on swine hearts. Wang has also developed a flexible, micro-grating i-NG capable of converting slow organ motion to continuous alternating current (AC) electricity desired for efficient capacitor charging. Building on these supportive preliminary results, this project focuses on designing and validating a SSPS specifically for powering intracardiac pacemakers by harvesting energy from heartbeats. In Specific Aim 1, we will develop a stretchable SSPS that integrates a flexible i-NG with a commercial supercapacitor and regulating electronics. The membrane i-NG can convert heart beats into continuous, high-frequency AC electricity with an output voltage suitable for efficiently charging the supercapacitor. In Specific Aim 2, we will investigate the bio- and hemo-compatibility of SSPS ex vivo and test the SSPS device in a simulated intracardiac environment. In Specific Aim 3, we will characterize electrical output of SSPS in vivo epicardially in different locations and orientations on the epicardial surface of the right ventricle (RV) of swine hearts. Cardiac function will be monitored over time to ensure SSPS implantation does not alter heart function. The ability to power a commercial pacemaker will also be tested in vivo. In Specific Aim 4, we will investigate intracardiac implantation of SSPS on the internal RV free wall of a surgically removed and beating swine heart on a Langendroff apparatus to test the intracardiac operation ex vivo. This proposed research will develop a novel intracardiac energy harvester that is self-sustainable by harvesting biomechanical energy from heartbeats. Success of this research will establish a technology framework necessary to move rapidly to in vivo intracardiac implantation and testing of SSPS for powering intracardiac pacemakers . This intracardiac energy harvesting technique will present an unprecedented engineering solution to address the power supply challenges for the next generation intracardiac pacemakers by altering flexibility, decreasing size, improving safety, and eliminating the battery component.