Nanogenerator-Driven Self-Sustainable Power Source for Intracardiac Pacemakers

项目总结： 起搏器的革命性进步包括微型化和无引线设计以及心内 植入。然而，笨重和僵硬的电池构成了进一步开发软件的最大障碍 一种可以附着并符合组织和肌肉表面而不会引起不必要的生理反应的系统 改变。为了应对这一关键挑战，该项目建议开发一种自给自足的电源 (SSP)使用猪模型的心内起搏器。SSPS集成了一个可伸展的频率调谐 可植入纳米发电机(I-NG)，带有微型超级电容器和调节电子设备，可以 通过从心跳中获取能量，自动和持续地为起搏器供电。 这个项目是由王博士(PI)领导的，哈克博士和刘博士是合作伙伴，心脏外科医生大阪博士是 合作伙伴，开发一种灵活的从生物力学来源获取能量的I-NG。以前的工作来自 Wang和Hacker已经证实了I-NGS的长期稳定性以及它们对正常心脏功能的微乎其微的影响 当缝在猪心上时。王还开发了一种灵活的微型光栅I-NG，能够转换为慢速 为有效的电容器充电所需的持续交流(AC)电的器官运动。在基础上建设 这些支持性的初步结果，本项目的重点是设计和验证一个专门用于供电的SSPS 从心跳中获取能量的心内起搏器。在具体目标1中，我们将开发一种可伸缩的SSPS 它将灵活的I-NG与商业超级电容器和调节电子设备结合在一起。膜I-NG可以 将心跳转换为连续的高频交流电，输出电压适合高效地 给超级电容器充电。在特定的目标2中，我们将研究SSPS的体外生物相容性和血液相容性 并在模拟的心内环境中测试SSPS设备。在具体目标3中，我们将描述电气 在体右室心外膜不同位置和方位的SSPS输出 (RV)猪心。心功能将随着时间的推移进行监测，以确保植入SSPS不会改变心脏 功能。为商业起搏器提供动力的能力也将在体内进行测试。在具体目标4中，我们将调查 手术切除跳动中的猪心内游离RV壁心内植入SSPS 采用朗根罗夫试验仪进行体外心内手术。 这项拟议的研究将开发一种新型的心内能量收集器，它可以通过采集来自我维持 来自心跳的生物机械能量。这项研究的成功将建立一个必要的技术框架 快速进入体内心内植入和测试SSPS，为心内起搏器供电。这 心内能量收集技术将提供一种前所未有的工程解决方案来解决能源问题 下一代心内起搏器的供应挑战：改变灵活性，缩小尺寸，改进 安全，并消除了电池组件。

Project Summary: Revolutionary advancements in pacemakers include a miniaturized and leadless design and intracardiac implantation. However, the bulky and rigid battery creates the largest hurdle towards further development of a soft system that can be attached and conform to tissue and muscle surfaces without causing unwanted physiologic changes. To address this critical challenge, this project proposes to develop a self-sustainable power source (SSPS) for intracardiac pacemakers using swine models. The SSPS integrates a stretchable, frequency-tuning implantable nanogenerator (i-NG) with a miniaturized supercapacitor and regulating electronics, which can automatically and consistently power a pacemaker by harvesting energy from heartbeats. This project is led by Dr. Wang (PI), with Drs. Hacker and Liu as the co-Is and a cardiac surgeon Dr. Osaki as collaborator, for the development of a flexible i-NG to harvest energy from biomechanical sources. Previous work from Wang and Hacker has confirmed the long-term stability of i-NGs and their negligible impacts on normal heart functions when sutured on swine hearts. Wang has also developed a flexible, micro-grating i-NG capable of converting slow organ motion to continuous alternating current (AC) electricity desired for efficient capacitor charging. Building on these supportive preliminary results, this project focuses on designing and validating a SSPS specifically for powering intracardiac pacemakers by harvesting energy from heartbeats. In Specific Aim 1, we will develop a stretchable SSPS that integrates a flexible i-NG with a commercial supercapacitor and regulating electronics. The membrane i-NG can convert heart beats into continuous, high-frequency AC electricity with an output voltage suitable for efficiently charging the supercapacitor. In Specific Aim 2, we will investigate the bio- and hemo-compatibility of SSPS ex vivo and test the SSPS device in a simulated intracardiac environment. In Specific Aim 3, we will characterize electrical output of SSPS in vivo epicardially in different locations and orientations on the epicardial surface of the right ventricle (RV) of swine hearts. Cardiac function will be monitored over time to ensure SSPS implantation does not alter heart function. The ability to power a commercial pacemaker will also be tested in vivo. In Specific Aim 4, we will investigate intracardiac implantation of SSPS on the internal RV free wall of a surgically removed and beating swine heart on a Langendroff apparatus to test the intracardiac operation ex vivo. This proposed research will develop a novel intracardiac energy harvester that is self-sustainable by harvesting biomechanical energy from heartbeats. Success of this research will establish a technology framework necessary to move rapidly to in vivo intracardiac implantation and testing of SSPS for powering intracardiac pacemakers . This intracardiac energy harvesting technique will present an unprecedented engineering solution to address the power supply challenges for the next generation intracardiac pacemakers by altering flexibility, decreasing size, improving safety, and eliminating the battery component.