Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology of the Stress Response and Stress Proteins

应激反应和应激蛋白的生态学和进化生理学

• 批准号: 9723298
• 负责人: Martin Feder
• 金额: $ 22.71万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-15 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9723298&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; Evolutionary; Physiology; Stress; Response

Feder 9723298 A major issue in ecological and evolutionary physiology is the relationship among the traits of complex organisms, organisms' ability to exploit diverse environments, and species' persistence in time. The proposed investigation examines the heat-shock protein Hsp70 in Drosophila to address this issue. In response to heat or other stresses, nearly all organisms express heat-shock proteins (Hsps), highly-conserved proteins that contribute to stress tolerance by functioning as molecular chaperones. Research supported by a previous NSF award has established that experimental manipulation of copy number of the hsp70 gene of Drosophila, which encodes Hsp70, is sufficient to cause changes in thermotolerance. The proposed research will build upon this finding to examine three related issues whose simultaneous resolution is possible in few other systems: (1) The physiological mechanism of Hsp70 function; i.e., how thermal stress disrupts function and how Hsp70 protects against heat damage or aids recovery from it. This issue will be examined in the larval gut of Drosophila, which is especially susceptible to heat damage. (2) The fitness consequences of Hsp70 expression, which will be examined by comparing survival and offspring production when Drosophila strains differing in Hsp70 expression are exposed to natural thermal stress. (3) The evolutionary basis for variation in Hsp70, which will be examined by measuring Hsp70 expression, hsp70 copy number, and the temperature threshold for Hsp70 expression in natural and experimental populations. To accomplish these goals, the proposed research will examine genetically engineered and natural variation in Drosophila. The projected outcome of the proposed research has immense potential to integrate molecular, genetic, functional, and evolutionary perspectives to advance understanding of adaptation.

Feder 9723298 生态和进化生理学的一个主要问题是复杂生物体的特征之间的关系，生物体利用不同环境的能力，以及物种在时间上的持久性。拟议的调查研究果蝇中的热休克蛋白Hsp 70来解决这个问题。几乎所有的生物体都表达热休克蛋白（Hsps），这是一种高度保守的蛋白质，通过分子伴侣的作用来促进胁迫耐受性。由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）资助的一项研究已经证实，对果蝇hsp 70基因（编码Hsp 70）拷贝数的实验操作足以引起耐热性的变化。拟议的研究将建立在这一发现的基础上，以研究三个相关的问题，这些问题在其他一些系统中是可能同时解决的：（1）Hsp 70功能的生理机制;即，热应激如何破坏功能，热休克蛋白70如何保护免受热损伤或帮助恢复。2这个问题将在果蝇幼虫肠道中进行研究，果蝇幼虫肠道对热损伤特别敏感。(2)健康的Hsp 70表达的后果，这将通过比较生存和后代生产时，不同的Hsp 70表达的果蝇株暴露于自然的热应力进行检查。(3)在热休克蛋白70，这将通过测量热休克蛋白70的表达，热休克蛋白70的拷贝数，和热休克蛋白70的表达在自然和实验人群的温度阈值的变化的进化基础。为了实现这些目标，拟议的研究将检查果蝇的遗传工程和自然变异。拟议研究的预期成果具有整合分子、遗传、功能和进化观点以促进对适应的理解的巨大潜力。