LTER: Plum Island Sound Comparative Ecosystem Study (Pisces)Effects of Changing land Cover, Climate and Sea Level on Estuarine Trophic Dynamics

LTER：普拉姆岛声音比较生态系统研究（双鱼座）土地覆盖、气候和海平面变化对河口营养动态的影响

• 批准号: 9726921
• 负责人: Charles Hopkinson
• 金额: $ 414万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9726921&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Sound; Comparative

Human activities in rivers and watersheds have altered enormously the timing, magnitude and nature of inputs of materials such as water, sediments, nutrients and organic matter to estuaries. An important but neglected linkage between land and coastal waters is the input of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and organic nitrogen. This long term ecological research (LTER) in land/ocean margin ecosystems will focuses on the question-How will trophic structure and primary and secondary productivity in estuaries be affected by changes in organic matter, nutrient and water fluxes caused by changing land cover, climate and sea level? The project examines this question through 1) short and long term measurements of the fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and organic nitrogen entering estuaries from land, marshes and the ocean, 2) short and long term manipulative experiments to determine the effects of nutrient and organic matter interactions on the flow of C and N through pelagic and benthic food webs, and 3) modeling the effects of land use changes on food web transformations. The proposed research integrates estuarine biogeochernistry with studies of food webs and population biology of higher trophic levels. The research program will create a legacy of well designed and documented ecological experiments and observations. A data base of research results will be accessible (WWW) to the scientific community. The study builds on the existing long term research record at Plum Island Sound, MA, and at the North Inlet, SC and Wells, ME National Estuarine Research Reserves. Intensive work will take place at Plum Island Sound, and specific comparative studies at North Inlet and Wells. The research is designed to take advantage of natural differences between these systems to determine the importance of inorganic and organic matter interactions in controlling trophic structure, production and efficiency. The project will make a unique contribution to our understanding of land margin ecosystems by determining how changing nutrient supply interacts with the quality and quantity of organic matter to affect estuarine trophic structure. It will also develop modeling methods to link highly variable physical drivers, here tides, long term sea level rise, river inflow, and water circulation, with the understanding of ecological processes. The dynamic models developed will be useful in a variety of ways for predicting effects of various coastal management options. For example, the spatially explicit models to be developed can be used to predict the effects of changing land use on eutrophication and fish production.

人类在河流和流域中的活动极大地改变了向河口输入水、沉积物、营养物质和有机物等物质的时间、数量和性质。陆地和沿海水域之间一个重要但被忽视的联系是溶解和颗粒有机碳和有机氮的输入。这项陆地/海洋边缘生态系统的长期生态研究将集中于这样一个问题--由于土地覆盖、气候和海平面的变化，河口的营养结构和初级和次级生产力将如何受到有机质、营养物质和水通量的变化的影响？该项目通过1)从陆地、沼泽和海洋进入河口的溶解和颗粒有机碳和有机氮通量的短期和长期测量，2)确定营养和有机物质相互作用对C和N通过中上层和底栖食物网流动的影响的短期和长期操纵实验，以及3)模拟土地利用变化对食物网转化的影响来研究这一问题。拟议的研究将河口生物地球化学与较高营养水平的食物网和种群生物学研究相结合。该研究计划将创造一份精心设计和记录在案的生态实验和观察遗产。科学界将可访问研究成果数据库(WWW)。这项研究建立在马萨诸塞州普勒姆岛海湾和ME国家河口研究保护区北海湾、南加州和威尔斯现有的长期研究记录的基础上。将在梅子岛海峡进行密集的工作，并在北海湾和威尔斯进行具体的比较研究。这项研究旨在利用这些系统之间的自然差异来确定无机和有机物质相互作用在控制营养结构、产量和效率方面的重要性。该项目将通过确定变化的营养供应如何与有机物的质量和数量相互作用来影响河口营养结构，从而为我们对陆地边缘生态系统的理解做出独特的贡献。它还将开发建模方法，将高度可变的物理驱动因素，如潮汐、长期海平面上升、河流流入和水循环，与生态过程的理解联系起来。所开发的动态模型将以多种方式用于预测各种沿海管理备选方案的效果。例如，将开发的空间显式模型可用于预测土地利用变化对富营养化和鱼类生产的影响。