Bestimmung von Strukturelementen der tRNA, die beteiligt sind an der Aminosäure-Erkennung durch Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetasen

确定参与氨酰基-tRNA 合成酶氨基酸识别的 tRNA 结构元件

• 批准号: 121221689
• 负责人: Dr. Gabor Igloi
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Biologie III
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/121221689?language=en
• 关键词: Bestimmung; von; Strukturelementen; der; tRNA

Accuracy in the transfer of information from gene to protein is essential for viable life forms. The initial step in this process is dependent on the ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes to discriminate between amino acids and to attach these to the correct tRNA molecules. Several mechanisms guaranteeing specificity in amino acid selection have been described. Substrate recognition may occur independently for amino acid and tRNA but recent results concerning a sub-family of these enzymes have provided evidence for an involvement of the tRNA molecule itself in the amino acid recognition process. “Identity elements” within the tRNA that bring about the specific interaction with enzyme have been characterized in some (mainly prokaryotic) systems. The “recognition elements”, whose interactions with the enzyme mediate an induced-fit type of alteration in the enzyme active site that ultimately leads to amino acid discrimination, have not yet been defined. Using tRNA mutants and natural variants of arginyltRNA synthetases that distinguish themselves by their ability to discriminate between the allelochemical, canavanine, we propose to elucidate those elements within the tRNA structure that contribute to the fidelity of protein biosynthesis.

从基因到蛋白质的信息传递的准确性对于有生命的生命形式至关重要。这个过程的第一步取决于氨基酰-tRNA合成酶区分氨基酸并将它们连接到正确的tRNA分子上的能力。已描述了几种保证氨基酸选择的特异性的机制。对于氨基酸和tRNA，底物识别可能是独立发生的，但最近关于这些酶的一个亚家族的研究结果为tRNA分子本身参与氨基酸识别过程提供了证据。在一些(主要是原核生物)系统中，已经确定了tRNA中与酶产生特定相互作用的“身份元件”。识别元件与酶的相互作用介导酶活性部位的诱导适合型改变，最终导致氨基酸识别，但尚未定义。利用tRNA突变体和精氨酸tRNA合成酶的自然变体，它们通过区分化感化学物质刀豆氨酸的能力而与众不同，我们建议阐明tRNA结构中那些有助于蛋白质生物合成保真度的元件。