Parasite Resistance in Gila and Yaqui Topminnows

吉拉毒蜥和雅基小鳅的寄生虫抗性

• 批准号: 9807490
• 负责人: Philip Hedrick
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9807490&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Parasite; Resistance; Gila; Yaqui; Topminnows

Hedrick 9807490 Endangered species face many threats including loss of habitat, non-native predators, and hunting. One of the major factors causing the reduction of endangered species are parasites (defined broadly as viruses, bacteria, and other infectious agents). Parasites may have a greater impact when an endangered species is reduced to marginal habitat, has lost genetic variation, or becomes inbred from having small or isolated populations. Here we examine the impact of a non-native parasite on the endangered Gila and Yaqui topminnows. The Gila topminnow is found only in nine native locations in Arizona and the Yaqui topminnow only on the San Bernadino Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Arizona. The Gila topminnow has been the subject of extensive examination both genetically and ecologically. In particular, variation at a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, genes thought to be involved in parasite resisitance in all vertebrates, has been characterized. In this research we will examine whether different populations of the these topminows have different resistance to a non-native parasitic fluke and whether differences are related to variation in the MHC locus. In addition we will examine whether inbred fish have a different susceptibility to the parasite than non-inbred fish. In this way we will be able to determine the genetic mechanisms influencing parasite resistance in this endangered species, generate a model for examining such threats in endangered species and directly address potential treats in these two endangered species.

Hedrick 9807490濒危物种面临许多威胁，包括栖息地丧失、非本土捕食者和狩猎。导致濒危物种减少的主要因素之一是寄生虫(广义上定义为病毒、细菌和其他感染源)。当濒危物种减少到边缘栖息地、失去遗传变异或由于种群较少或与世隔绝而近亲交配时，寄生虫可能会产生更大的影响。在这里，我们研究了一种非本土寄生虫对濒临灭绝的吉拉和雅基金枪鱼的影响。吉拉金枪鱼只在亚利桑那州的九个原生地点发现，亚基金枪鱼只在亚利桑那州东南部的圣伯纳迪诺野生动物保护区发现。吉拉金枪鱼一直是遗传学和生态学上广泛研究的对象。特别是，主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因的变异已经被表征，该基因被认为与所有脊椎动物的寄生虫抗性有关。在这项研究中，我们将检查这些不同种群的毛虫对非本地寄生吸虫的抵抗力是否不同，以及差异是否与MHC基因座的变异有关。此外，我们还将研究近交系鱼类与非近交系鱼类对寄生虫的易感性是否不同。通过这种方式，我们将能够确定影响这种濒危物种寄生虫抵抗力的遗传机制，产生一个检验濒危物种这种威胁的模型，并直接解决这两个濒危物种的潜在治疗方法。