Industrial Restructuring and Corporate Risk Management

卡森产业结构调整与企业风险管理自1980年以来，美国制造企业已裁员200多万人。在1987至1991年间，超过85%的财富1000强公司裁减了白领员工。美国制造业协会1996年的调查报告说，在截至1996年6月的12个月里，49%的美国大公司裁员。十年前，行业裁员主要是那些因销售额下降或业务萎缩而倒闭的公司。然而，最近，重组涉及成功的公司参与了一系列广泛的变革，以实现广泛的企业目标。企业现在寻求重组工作场所、劳动力和生产流程，以实现在经济不确定性更大、技术快速变化和全球竞争激烈的时期所需的更高灵活性和效率。但这种重组恰好发生在企业积极开发环境和风险管理项目的时候。重组对企业环境计划和能力有何影响？与其他公司职能相比，这些计划和能力是否受到了不成比例的影响？在裁员和外包的背景下，公司如何进行调整，以实现环境和风险管理目标？它们取得了多大的成功？在环境和风险管理方面是否出现了新的企业漏洞？本项目通过对公司的案例研究进行分析，对人口普查局经济研究中心的数据进行经济和统计分析，对纸浆和造纸行业的公司进行调查，以及对选定的三家公司进行深入的访谈和文件分析，来分析这些问题。克拉克大学乔治·珀金斯沼泽研究所的一支杰出的跨学科研究团队已经被召集起来进行这项研究，并由一支由学术和行业代表组成的杰出团队提供建议。

Kasperson Industrial Restructuring and Corporate Risk Management Since 1980, U.S. manufacturing firms have cut more than two million workers. More than 85 percent of the Fortune 1000 firms downsized their white-collar work forces between 1987 and 1991. The 1996 survey of the American Manufacturing Association reported that in the twelve months ending in June 1996, 49 percent of major U.S. companies eliminated jobs. A decade ago, industry downsizers were chiefly failing companies who were responding to reductions in sales or shrinking business. More recently, however, restructuring has involved successful firms engaged in a wide array of changes to realize broad corporate ends. Corporations now seek to restructure the workplace, the workforce, and the production process to achieve the increased flexibility and efficiency required in a period of greater economic uncertainty, rapid technological change, and intense global competition. But this restructuring has occurred just as corporations have been actively developing environmental and risk-management programs. What have been the effects of restructuring on corporate environmental programs and capabilities? Have such programs and capabilities been disproportionally affected vi-a-vis other corporate functions? How have corporations adjusted to meet environmental and risk-management goals in a context of downsizing and outsourcing? How successful have they been and are new corporate vulnerabilities in environmental and risk management surfacing? This project analyzes these issues through an analysis of case studies have been conducted on corporations, am economic and statistical analysis of data from the Census Bureau's Center for Economic Studies, a survey of firms in the pulp and paper industry, and in-depth interviewing and document analysis at three selected firms. An outstanding interdisciplinary team of researchers at Clark University's George Perkins Marsh Institute has been assembled to conduct the research, advised by a distinguished team of academic and industry representatives.