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Morphological and molecular-genetic analysis of the development of sensory organs in arthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda) - a first step in understanding the generation of the diversity in the peripheral nervous system during arthropod

节肢动物（螯肢动物、多足动物、甲壳动物、六足动物）感觉器官发育的形态学和分子遗传学分析——了解节肢动物周围神经系统多样性产生的第一步

基本信息

批准号：
127282939
负责人：
Dr. Beate Mittmann
金额：
--
依托单位：
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2008-12-31 至 2011-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/127282939?language=en
关键词：
Morphological molecular genetic analysis development

项目摘要

The sensory system of arthropods shows a great diversity of mechano- and chemosensory receptors. To understand this diversity we need to know how the complex network of neural development has been modified during arthropod evolution. Sensory organs are mainly investigated in insects and higher crustaceans, the data on chelicerates and myriapods are limited. A detailed and consistent classification exists only for insects. The molecular processes of sensory organ development of arthropods have only been studied in insects, mainly in Drosophila melanogaster. However, there are strong arguments for the assumption of a common ancestral molecular pattern. The first step in sensory organ development is the expression of proneural genes. They enable specific cells to become neural precursor cells and are involved in the neuronal subtype specification. Homologous proneural genes were identified in all four arthropod groups. All of them are involved in the establishment of neural precursors and/or in neuronal subtype specification but partly the homologous genes are specifying different classes of sensory organs. As the combined information of gene expression patterns, gene functions and morphology is still very limited in arthropods, representatives of all 4 arthropod groups (Chelicerata: Limulus polyphemus, Cupiennius salei, Myriapoda: Glomeris marginata, Crustacea: Daphnia magna, Insecta: Tribolium castaneum) have been chosen for the investigation of mechano- and chemosensory organs using different morphological approaches (immunocytochemistry and other markers like phalloidin, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Light Microscopy) and comparative gene expression analysis (PCR, Standard Cloning methods, in situ hybridisation, RNA injections) of the proneural respectively neuronal subtype specifying genes achaete-scute and atonal/amos. The obtained results, which will provide data on one of the most ancestral arthropods, will contribute to the reconstruction of evolutionary development of the diversity of arthropod sensory organs.

节肢动物的感觉系统表现出很大的多样性的机械和化学感受器。为了理解这种多样性，我们需要知道在节肢动物进化过程中，神经发育的复杂网络是如何被修改的。目前对感觉器官的研究主要集中在昆虫和高等甲壳类，对螯肢类和多足类的研究较少。只有昆虫才有详细而一致的分类。节肢动物感觉器官发育的分子过程仅在昆虫中进行过研究，主要是在果蝇中。然而，对于共同祖先分子模式的假设有强有力的论据。感觉器官发育的第一步是前神经基因的表达。它们使特定的细胞成为神经前体细胞，并参与神经元亚型的特化。同源前神经基因在所有四个节肢动物组。所有这些基因都参与神经前体的建立和/或神经元亚型的特化，但部分同源基因指定不同类别的感觉器官。由于节肢动物基因表达模式、基因功能和形态学的综合信息仍然非常有限，因此，节肢动物是所有4个节肢动物类群的代表（螯肢纲：多棱鲎，沙氏杯肢鲎，多足纲：缘边球囊霉，甲壳纲：大型蚤，昆虫纲：赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum）被选择用于使用不同形态学方法研究机械和化学感觉器官（免疫细胞化学和其他标记物如鬼笔环肽、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、光学显微镜）和比较基因表达分析（PCR，标准克隆方法，原位杂交，RNA注射）前神经分别神经元亚型指定基因achaete-scute和atonal/amos。所获得的结果，这将提供最古老的节肢动物之一的数据，将有助于重建节肢动物感觉器官的多样性的进化发展。