Doctoral Dissertation Research: Political and Social Organization During the Early Horizon, Casma Valley, Peru

在Richard Burger博士的指导下，Ivan Ghezzi先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在位于秘鲁北部海岸下卡斯马山谷的圣地亚哥遗址进行考古发掘。遗址本身可以追溯到地平线时代的早期，大约在公元前800-200年，由一系列相互关联的建筑群组成，由房间、走廊、庭院和低矮的平台土丘组成。这些大院分布在面积达8公顷的大型广场周围。由于干旱的沙漠条件，有机遗迹的保存是非常好的，这在大多数考古遗址中都是罕见的。职业层很薄，而且相对接近地表，因此有可能快速挖掘大片区域。盖齐将利用这一事实来揭露国内建筑及其周围的空间。在两个季节的实地考察过程中，他将对住宅单元和垃圾堆积物进行系统的分层抽样，以阐明社会经济变异性的基本模式。根据收集到的材料，将有可能提供圣地亚哥社区的代表性图景，并审查家庭单位之间财富等级分化的程度。秘鲁早期的地平线以风格地平线的出现为标志，这种地平线在北部高地地区表现得最强烈，但却蔓延到秘鲁的大部分地区。这个名字被称为“查文”，目前还不清楚它到底代表着什么。考虑到后来的一系列帝国在一段时间内统一在同一地区的大部分地区，考古学家倾向于在同样的背景下解释“查文”，并将其视为秘鲁的第一个帝国。然而，查文材料的分布参差不齐，也不清楚实际发生的社会和政治融合的程度。Ghezzi先生将研究这个问题。圣地亚哥位于郊外，但距离查文的心脏地带不远，初步调查显示，查文的影响相对较小。通过对遗址的分析，应该有可能确定它是否表现出独立的等级制度，或者它是否最好被理解为查文外围不发达的一部分。这项研究将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger, Mr. Ivan Ghezzi will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavations at the site of San Diego, located in the lower Casma Valley on the northern coast of Peru. The site itself dates to the Early Horizon period, from ca. 800 - 200 BC and consists of a series of interconnected architectural compounds made up by rooms, corridors, courtyards and low platform mounds. These compounds are arranged around large plazas up to eight hectares in size. Because of the dry desertic conditions preservation of organic remains, rare in most archaeological sites, is excellent. Occupational layers are thin and relatively near the surface and thus it is possible to excavate broad areas quickly. Mr. Ghezzi will take advantage of this fact to expose domestic structures and the space around them. Over the course of two seasons of fieldwork he will conduct a systematic stratified sampling in domestic units and refuse deposits to elucidate the basic patterns of socioeconomic variability. On the basis of materials collected it will be possible to provide a representative picture of the community at San Diego and to examine the extent to which hierarchical differentiation in wealth between domestic units is present. The Early Horizon in Peru is marked by the appearance of a stylistic horizon which appears strongest in the Northern Highland area yet spreads across much of Peru. Termed `Chavin` it is unclear what it actually represents. Given that a series of later empires united, for temporary periods of time, much of this same area, archaeologists tend to interpret `Chavin` in this same context and view it as the first of Peru's empires. However the distribution of Chavin materials is spotty and it is unclear the extent of actual social and political integration which took place. Mr. Ghezzi will examine this question. San Diego is located outside, yet not far from the Chavin heartland and preliminary survey indicates relatively little Chavin influence. Through an analysis of the site it should be possible to determine whether it exhibits an independent hierarchical system or whether it is best understood as an under-developed part of a Chavin periphery. The research will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and assist in training a promising young scientist.