Doctoral Dissertation Research: Political and Social Organization During the Early Horizon, Casma Valley, Peru

博士论文研究：早期的政治和社会组织，秘鲁卡斯马谷

• 批准号: 9813748
• 负责人: Richard Burger
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9813748&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Social

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger, Mr. Ivan Ghezzi will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological excavations at the site of San Diego, located in the lower Casma Valley on the northern coast of Peru. The site itself dates to the Early Horizon period, from ca. 800 - 200 BC and consists of a series of interconnected architectural compounds made up by rooms, corridors, courtyards and low platform mounds. These compounds are arranged around large plazas up to eight hectares in size. Because of the dry desertic conditions preservation of organic remains, rare in most archaeological sites, is excellent. Occupational layers are thin and relatively near the surface and thus it is possible to excavate broad areas quickly. Mr. Ghezzi will take advantage of this fact to expose domestic structures and the space around them. Over the course of two seasons of fieldwork he will conduct a systematic stratified sampling in domestic units and refuse deposits to elucidate the basic patterns of socioeconomic variability. On the basis of materials collected it will be possible to provide a representative picture of the community at San Diego and to examine the extent to which hierarchical differentiation in wealth between domestic units is present. The Early Horizon in Peru is marked by the appearance of a stylistic horizon which appears strongest in the Northern Highland area yet spreads across much of Peru. Termed `Chavin` it is unclear what it actually represents. Given that a series of later empires united, for temporary periods of time, much of this same area, archaeologists tend to interpret `Chavin` in this same context and view it as the first of Peru's empires. However the distribution of Chavin materials is spotty and it is unclear the extent of actual social and political integration which took place. Mr. Ghezzi will examine this question. San Diego is located outside, yet not far from the Chavin heartland and preliminary survey indicates relatively little Chavin influence. Through an analysis of the site it should be possible to determine whether it exhibits an independent hierarchical system or whether it is best understood as an under-developed part of a Chavin periphery. The research will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and assist in training a promising young scientist.

在Richard Burger博士的指导下，Ivan Ghezzi先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在位于秘鲁北方海岸卡斯马山谷下游的圣地亚哥遗址进行考古发掘。该网站本身可以追溯到早期地平线时期，从ca。公元前800 - 200年，由一系列相互连接的建筑群组成，包括房间，走廊，庭院和低平台土丘。这些大院围绕着面积达8公顷的大型广场布置。由于干燥的沙漠条件，有机遗迹的保存非常好，这在大多数考古遗址中都很少见。职业层很薄，相对靠近地表，因此可以快速挖掘大面积区域。Ghezzi先生将利用这一事实来揭露家庭结构及其周围的空间。在两个季节的实地考察过程中，他将在家庭单位和垃圾场进行系统的分层抽样，以阐明社会经济变化的基本模式。根据收集的材料，有可能提供圣地亚哥社区的代表性图片，并研究家庭单位之间财富等级分化的程度。 秘鲁的早期地平线以风格地平线的出现为标志，这种风格地平线在北方高地地区最为强烈，但却遍布秘鲁的大部分地区。被称为“Chavin”，它实际上代表什么还不清楚。鉴于后来的一系列帝国在同一地区的大部分地区暂时统一，考古学家倾向于在同一背景下解释“查万”，并将其视为秘鲁的第一个帝国。然而，Chavin材料的分发参差不齐，不清楚实际的社会和政治融合程度。Ghezzi先生将研究这个问题。圣地亚哥位于城外，但离查文中心地带不远，初步调查显示查文的影响相对较小。通过对该遗址的分析，应该可以确定它是否表现出一个独立的等级制度，或者它是否最好被理解为Chavin周边地区的一个欠发达地区。这项研究将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。