Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant: Long Term Societal Response to Volcanic Exposure

博士论文研究资助：对火山暴露的长期社会反应

• 批准号: 2023376
• 负责人: Richard Burger
• 金额: $ 2.31万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2023376&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Grant; Long

This project will investigate the impact of volcanism on the development and trajectories of past societies. Disasters are typically framed as externalized crises which pass judgment on a society’s resilience. However, these narratives often ignore how disaster reveals underlying tensions and inequalities, and how disaster is capitalized upon for systemic change within social fields. This project will examine how trends of shifting social organization, power distribution, and a society’s priorities are amplified in the context of disaster. Disasters can open new means and motivations to divert or accelerate social trends: communities can choose to communally support each other through bottom-up organization schemes, just as institutions and their leaders can seek to entrench their power and control through top-down administration. Each person also has a unique social and environmental exposure to the hazard itself, which informs the decisions they make to maintain or alter their behavior, or even leave the affected landscape entirely and emigrate. These contestations and negotiations play out along already-established social conventions and power dynamics – and their consequences establish expectations for how to respond to future disasters. Studying disaster-affected societies through this lens contributes to understanding of the development of social complexity. This research also deepens a growing literature on the role of disaster in the human experience, and helps illustrate how modern society can contend with our own increasing number of disasters worldwide. This project examines one specific aspect of disaster and society, that of the impact of volcanism in a coastal region. It was impacted several times by volcanic eruptions that began in the highlands and deposited volcanic ash (tephra) widely but unevenly. This presents the opportunity to complement and expand on interpretations of regional volcanic exposure and its interaction with trajectories of social complexity. Investigation will take place at a site which preserves stratified occupations in domestic features like house floors, storage pits and hearths. Excavation and site survey will recover ceramic, lithic, paleoecological, and biological material correlates to assess if residents altered their land use and social arrangements; and will also identify tephra related to source and time of eruptions. These correlates will support rigorous, interdisciplinary interpretations which discuss the social-ecological dimensions of disaster through time. Understanding how these communities negotiated volcanic vulnerability broadens archaeological discussions of alternative social complexity, and aids modern communities exposed to these volcanic hazards by learning from past events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将调查火山作用对过去社会的发展和轨迹的影响。灾难通常被定义为外部化的危机，对社会的复原力做出判断。然而，这些叙述往往忽视了灾难是如何揭示潜在的紧张和不平等的，以及灾难是如何被利用来进行社会领域的系统性变化的。这个项目将研究在灾难的背景下，社会组织、权力分配和社会优先事项的变化趋势是如何放大的。灾难可能会带来新的手段和动机来转移或加速社会趋势：社区可以选择通过自下而上的组织计划来共同支持彼此，就像机构及其领导人可以寻求通过自上而下的管理来巩固其权力和控制一样。每个人对危险本身的社会和环境暴露也是独一无二的，这决定了他们做出决定，维持或改变自己的行为，甚至完全离开受影响的景观并移民。这些争论和谈判按照已经确立的社会惯例和权力动态展开--它们的结果确立了人们对如何应对未来灾难的预期。通过这一视角研究受灾社会有助于理解社会复杂性的发展。这项研究还深化了越来越多关于灾难在人类经历中的作用的文献，并有助于说明现代社会如何应对我们自己在世界范围内越来越多的灾难。这个项目考察了灾难和社会的一个具体方面，即沿海地区火山活动的影响。它受到了几次火山喷发的影响，火山喷发始于高地，广泛但不均匀地沉积了火山灰(火山灰)。这为补充和扩大对区域火山暴露及其与社会复杂性轨迹的相互作用的解释提供了机会。调查将在一个保留了房屋地板、储藏坑和壁炉等家庭特征的分层职业的地点进行。挖掘和现场调查将恢复陶瓷、岩屑、古生态和生物材料的相关性，以评估居民是否改变了他们的土地利用和社会安排；还将确定与火山喷发的来源和时间有关的火山灰。这些关联将支持严格的、跨学科的解释，这些解释讨论灾难的社会生态维度。了解这些社区是如何谈判火山脆弱性的，扩大了对替代社会复杂性的考古学讨论，并通过从过去的事件中学习来帮助暴露在这些火山灾害中的现代社区。这一裁决反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。