Dissertation Research: Economy, Interaction and Community in the North Highlands of Peru--Excavations at the Recuay Site of Chinchawas (Ancash)

在Richard Burger博士的指导下，刘德华先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在位于秘鲁北部高地的钦查瓦遗址进行考古田野工作。钦查瓦斯位于安第斯山脉的西坡上，位于一座孤立的山脊上，这座山脊为两个主要山谷之间的主要山口提供了战略位置。虽然遗址相对较小，但建筑在形式、制造质量和功能上表现出多样性，包括防御性、住宅性和礼仪性建筑。其中包括地位很高的停尸房结构和大量雕刻的石雕，由于广泛的掠夺，在主要背景下很少找到。虽然先前的研究表明，该遗址可以追溯到中期早期，但人们对它或它所属的Recuay文化知之甚少。通过挖掘和分析找回的材料，刘先生将大大加深对这一实体的了解。这项研究有五个主要目标：1.建立一个过渡期早期的地方年表；2.描述钦差人的史前占领和空间形态；3.重建当地的生存系统；4.确定海岸-高地相互作用的程度和特征；5.模拟钦差人的地方社会组织，并评估关于Recuay政治发展轨迹和复杂性的假设。为了实现这些目标，刘先生将进行一项地表测绘和挖掘计划。除了石器和陶器之外，这项工作还应该产生动物和花卉遗骸，以便进行饮食重建。通过对海洋贝壳和非本地石头等“外来物质”的分析，将有可能重建更大的相互作用网络。秘鲁是原始文明发展的典范。在几千年的过程中，团体从小型狩猎和聚集社发展到大型单位，如占地数千平方英里的印加帝国，并将许多不同的民族整合为一个单一的国家。这一过程似乎没有受到南美洲或中美洲其他地区的影响，考古学家希望了解这是如何发生的。虽然有很多关于秘鲁交通便利的沿海地区的信息，但在高地安第斯地区进行的研究相对较少。从像金柴瓦这样的遗址的建筑材料中可以清楚地看出，这种高地地区发挥了重要作用，是这一过程的早期阶段，刘先生的研究将有助于填补这一重要空白。这项研究也很重要，因为它将有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger, Mr. George Lau will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological fieldwork at the site of Chinchawas which is located in the northern highlands of Peru. Chinchawas lies on the western slopes of the Andes atop an isolated ridge which affords a strategic position over the primary pass between two major valleys. Although the site is relatively small, the architecture shows variability in form, quality of manufacture and function, including defensive, residential burial and ceremonial buildings. Included are high status mortuary structures and numbers of carved stone sculptures which, because of extensive looting, are rarely found in primary context. While prior work indicates that the site dates to the Early Intermediate period very little is known about either it or the Recuay culture of which it forms a part. Through excavation and analysis of recovered materials Mr. Lau will add significantly to understanding this entity. The research has five primary goals: 1. to develop a local chronology for the Early Intermeidate period; 2. to describe the prehistoric occupation and spatial configuration of Chinchawas; 3. to reconstruct the local subsistence system; 4. to determine the extent and character of coast-highland interaction; 5. to model local social organization at Chinchawas and evaluate hypotheses on the trajectory and complexity of Recuay political developments. To accomplish these goals Mr. Lau will conduct a program of both surface mapping and excavation. In addition to lithics and ceramics the work should yield both faunal and floral remains which permit dietary reconstruction. Through the analysis of `exotic materials` such as sea shells and non-local stone it will be possible to reconstruct larger interaction networks. Peru provides an example of pristine development of civilization. Over the course of several thousand years, groups proceeded from small hunting and gathering societies to large units such as the Inca empire which covered thousands of square miles and integrated many diverse peoples into a single state. It appears that this process took place without influence from other parts of South or Middle America and archaeologists wish to understand how this occurred. Although much information is available on the more accessible coastal regions of Peru, relatively little research has been conducted in the highland Andean region. It is clear from the architectural material as sites such as Chinchawas that such highland areas played an important role is the early stages of this process and Mr. Lau's research will help to fill an important gap. The research is also important because it will help to train a promising young scientist.